Gamma Radiation Dose Measurement Using an Energy-Selective Method with the Help of a Drone

Abstract

Several dose distribution maps were obtained using a gamma radiation detector mounted to a drone. Based on the results and experience of the experiments, the shortcomings of the system and the possibilities for further development were identified. The primary goal of the development was to create a more compact, easy-to-carry, and easy-to-install system with increased sensitivity, which was achieved by several different methods and their combinations. During the discrete measurement procedure, the aim was to decrease the detection threshold, +0.005 to +0.007 μS/h measured above the background radiation. The increase in sensitivity was based on the characteristic energy spectrum of radiative materials. We took advantage of the fact that the radiating samples do not evenly increase the amount of gamma radiation over the entire energy spectrum. During the processing of the measurement data, we performed a comparison with the background radiation in the vicinity of the energy peaks characteristic of the sample and its decay products. This provides a better signal-to-noise ratio, thus enabling a more sensitive detection procedure. An important feature of our method is that in the traditional intensity curve displayed as a function of flight time only noise is visible, therefore one cannot directly conclude the presence of the sample. However, our method is clearly able to identify the location of the searched source at a height of 8 m with a continuous flight speed of 2 m/s using a 500 μS/h activity sample (as measured at a distance of 0.1 m from the sample). The increase in sensitivity allows either a higher scanning height (approximately +1 to 2 m) or, in the case of the same aircraft at the same altitude, a larger area from one take-off. Of course, the scan height or scan speed can increase significantly if the activity of the source being sought is high. In our experiments, we used a natural uranium mineral (Autunite) with activity far below that of artificially produced isotopes. In the series of our experiments, we also covered the detection of several sources, which modeled the possibility of mapping scattered active sources. The main advantages of the system developed and presented by us over the survey procedures used in practice is that a large area can be mobilized easily, without the risk of a human operator in the field, and the survey of a large area can be carried out at a low cost. The purpose of the system is to detect the presence of the source and to localize it to such an extent that the localization can then be easily refined by manual or other ground procedures. As we do not aim for positioning accuracy by centimeter, standard GPS localization is sufficient for the measurements. During the measurements, the geographical coordinates are interpreted in the GWS’84 system. The coordinates of the latitude and longitude circles are also shown in this system in the figures presented.

Risks of Drone Use in Light of Literature Studies

“…Emission of pollution Emission of selected chemical compounds during forest burning [109] Monitoring of air pollution in a selected area [115,116] Measurement of radiological contamination, monitoring of radiation distribution [110,111] Identification of areas where diffuse pollution from agriculture occurs [112] Dispersion of volatile chemicals [113] Mapping of soil contamination [114] Landslides Survey of open pit mine slopes [ The analysis of the above publications made it possible to conclude that in the process of monitoring, the use of drones serves as a supplement to the measurement for the field surveys carried out (the field surveys are carried out first and then supplemented with data from the drone) or as a system reporting the need for additional research (identifying a specific phenomenon that requires additional research). The authors of the publication point out in their research the benefits of drone use, such as:…”

Radiation Source Localization Using a Model-Based Approach

“…It is known that the energy of gamma photons produced during the decay of a given isotope shows an energy spectrum characteristic of the isotope. If we are looking for a radiation source of known material quality, the radiation spectrum characteristic of the isotope to be detected can be used [30,31]. In Figure 6, the spectrum of the Autunite mineral used during the experiments was mounted on the drone together with the detector [32].…”