Gangs and environment: A comparative analysis of prison and street gangs

Ortiz, Jennifer M.

doi:10.29333/ajqr/5796

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…For this reason, individuals with PTSD often indicate that they lack feelings of secureness and safety (Fullerton et al, 2015; Grieger et al, 2004). Gangs are often cited by members as being protective and providing such a sense of safety (Ortiz, 2019; Skarbek, 2012; Sobel & Osoba, 2009). While this may be somewhat counterintuitive because of the increased risk for exposure to violence that gang members face (Gilman, et al, 2017; Miller, 2001; Peterson et al, 2004), it is still identified by gang members as a major reason why gangs present a functional option for individuals with PTSD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PTSD as a Risk Factor for Chronic Gang Membership During Adolescence and Early Adulthood: A Group-Based Trajectory Modeling Approach

Wojciechowski

2020

Crime & Delinquency

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This study sought to identify developmental patterns of gang membership among a sample of juvenile offenders during adolescence and early adulthood. Examine the relevance of PTSD for predicting development. The Pathways to Desistance data were used in analyses. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify developmental patterns of gang membership. Multinomial logistic regression examined if PTSD predicts trajectory group membership. A five-group model best fit the gang membership data. Meeting lifetime criteria for PTSD at baseline predicted membership to a trajectory group characterized by chronic gang membership. Results indicate that screening for PTSD may help to identify juvenile offenders who may be at-risk for becoming chronic gang members. Providing trauma-informed care may help to reduce the impact of PTSD on gang membership risk by providing treatment that helps juvenile offenders manage emotions and establish and maintain social support relationships outside of a gang context.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PTSD as a Risk Factor for Chronic Gang Membership During Adolescence and Early Adulthood: A Group-Based Trajectory Modeling Approach

Wojciechowski

2020

Crime & Delinquency

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“…In addition, female teachers are said to be more likely to practice student-centered teaching and highlight feminine characteristics such as being caring and supportive towards students (Ambusaidi & Al-Farei, 2017). In fact, Oritz (2018) argued that female teachers are more likely to be involved in interpersonal behaviour and close relationships, thus contributing to fostering a sense of belonging amongst students. In contrast, male teachers generally have a competitive and achievement-oriented behavioral nature.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Teachers' Teaching Stylesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaya Pengajaran Guru Matematik Sekolah Rendah: Kajian Literatur

YEE MEI HEONG,

MAHMAD,

WAN HASSAN

et al. 2023

ijcfh

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Matematik merupakan salah satu mata pelajaran penting dalam sistem pendidikan negara. Namun, secara umumnya murid beranggapan bahawa matematik merupakan satu mata pelajaran yang agak sukar untuk dikuasai kerana mereka tidak mempunyai minat untuk belajar. Pemilihan gaya pengajaran yang sesuai dapat menarik minat murid untuk belajar. Secara tidak langsung proses pembelajaran juga dipermudahkan bagi membolehkan murid memahami isi pelajaran. Kejayaan atau kegagalan murid dikaitkan dengan gaya pengajaran yang digunakan oleh guru semasa mengajar. Gaya pengajaran guru menjadi salah satu komponen pemindahan kandungan pengajaran yang menyeluruh dan sebagai faktor penentu utama kejayaan pembelajaran murid. Oleh itu, gaya pengajaran yang diguna dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran (PdP) haruslah bersesuaian dengan aktiviti dan objektif yang ingin disampaikan bagi meningkatkan kesediaan murid untuk belajar dan seterusnya tahap kefahaman mereka. Mathematics is one of the important subjects in the education system of this country. However, students generally think that Mathematics is a subject that is quite difficult to master because they do not have the interest to learn. The selection of appropriate teaching style(s) can attract students to learn. Indirectly, the learning process is also simplified, therefore allowing students to understand the content of lessons. The success or failure of students is associated with the teaching style(s) that teachers use while teaching. Indirectly, teachers’ teaching style(s) becomes one of the components of a comprehensive teaching content transfer and as a major determining factor of student learning success. Therefore, the teaching style(s) adopted in delivering Teaching and Learning (T&L) should be appropriate to the activities and objectives to be presented to students in order to increase students’ willingness to learn and in consequence, their level of understanding.

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“…The internet reduces the need for an open-air illegal drug market as well as allows for organized prostitution to solicit electronically (New Jersey Commission on Investigation, 2000). Gangs have been documented to actively recruit new members using the internet and social media (New Jersey Commission on Investigation, 2000;Ortiz, 2018). The Nigerian 419 fraud is a successful type of fraud that shows how easy it is for motivated criminals to find a large number of potential victims since it is estimated that the Nigerian 419 fraud takes $3 billion a year from victims (Durkin, 2013).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appointment Robbery: Do Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Strategies Work? Voices from the Street

Vasquez

Rodríguez

Suh

et al. 2020

AM J QUALITATIVE RES

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Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) theory posits that crime can be reduced with modifications and planning to the physical environment by making involvement in criminal activity more difficult to complete by increasing the visibility of the offender thereby raising the risk of being caught. A new type of criminal opportunity has evolved in the 21 st Century with the introduction and explosion of direct e-commerce opportunities with online and app advertisements to buy and sell items through such venues as Craigslist, OfferUp, Letgo, and Facebook Marketplace. This new crime is defined as an 'appointment robbery'. Using interviews of 12 active robbers from a metropolitan area in Texas, this study explored whether or not offenders were deterred from participating in criminal behavior due to the implementation of CPTED strategies. Results from this study suggest that offenders reported that territoriality, natural surveillance, activity support, and access control did serve as deterrents during the decision to commit a robbery. The study examined the original CPTED theory as posited by Jeffery in 1971. The study found support for the original four CPTED strategies.

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Gangs and environment: A comparative analysis of prison and street gangs

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

PTSD as a Risk Factor for Chronic Gang Membership During Adolescence and Early Adulthood: A Group-Based Trajectory Modeling Approach

PTSD as a Risk Factor for Chronic Gang Membership During Adolescence and Early Adulthood: A Group-Based Trajectory Modeling Approach

Gaya Pengajaran Guru Matematik Sekolah Rendah: Kajian Literatur

Appointment Robbery: Do Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Strategies Work? Voices from the Street

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