Ganoderma boninense Disease Detection by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Classification: A Review

Tan, Mas Ira Syafila Mohd Hilmi; Jamlos, Mohd Faizal; Omar, Ahmad; Dzaharudin, Fatimah; Chalermwisutkul, Suramate; Akkaraekthalin, Prayoot

doi:10.3390/s21093052

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Table 1 summarized the machine learning techniques mentioned in this article ( Tee et al, 2021 ; Husin et al, 2020b ; Mohd Hilmi Tan et al, 2021 ; Rehman et al, 2019 ; Hassan & Maji, 2022 ; van Dijk et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of basal stem rot using deep learning: a review of digital data collection and palm disease classification methods

Haw

Lai

Chuah

et al. 2023

PeerJ Computer Science

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Oil palm is a key agricultural resource in Malaysia. However, palm disease, most prominently basal stem rot caused at least RM 255 million of annual economic loss. Basal stem rot is caused by a fungus known as Ganoderma boninense. An infected tree shows few symptoms during early stage of infection, while potentially suffers an 80% lifetime yield loss and the tree may be dead within 2 years. Early detection of basal stem rot is crucial since disease control efforts can be done. Laboratory BSR detection methods are effective, but the methods have accuracy, biosafety, and cost concerns. This review article consists of scientific articles related to the oil palm tree disease, basal stem rot, Ganoderma Boninense, remote sensors and deep learning that are listed in the Web of Science since year 2012. About 110 scientific articles were found that is related to the index terms mentioned and 60 research articles were found to be related to the objective of this research thus included in this review article. From the review, it was found that the potential use of deep learning methods were rarely explored. Some research showed unsatisfactory results due to limitations on dataset. However, based on studies related to other plant diseases, deep learning in combination with data augmentation techniques showed great potentials, showing remarkable detection accuracy. Therefore, the feasibility of analyzing oil palm remote sensor data using deep learning models together with data augmentation techniques should be studied. On a commercial scale, deep learning used together with remote sensors and unmanned aerial vehicle technologies showed great potential in the detection of basal stem rot disease.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of basal stem rot using deep learning: a review of digital data collection and palm disease classification methods

Haw

Lai

Chuah

et al. 2023

PeerJ Computer Science

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“…In order to curb the spread of BSR infection, it is vitally important to accurately detect BSR infection early [12]. The default method of detecting BSR is by conducting visual inspection on the oil palm tree.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Basal Stem Rot Disease Using Deep Learning

et al. 2023

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Palm oil industry is an important economic resource for Malaysia. However, an oil palm tree disease called Basal Stem Rot has impeded the production of palm oil, which caused significant economic loss at the same time. The oil palm tree disease is caused by a fungus known as Ganoderma Boninense.Infected trees often have little to no symptoms during early stage of infection, which made early detection difficult. Early disease detection is necessary to allow early sanitization and disease control efforts. Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning technology, 88 grey-distribution canopy images of oil palm tree were obtained. The images were pre-processed and augmented before being used for training and testing of the deep learning models. The capabilities of the Convolution Neural Network deep learning models in the classification of dataset into healthy and non-healthy class were tested and the best performing model was identified based on the Macro-F1 score. Fine-tuned DenseNet121 model was the best performing model, recorded a Macro F1score of 0.798. It was also noted that Baseline model showed a relatively remarkable macro-F1 score of 0.747, which was better than all the feature extractor models and some of the fine-tuned models. However, finetuned models suffered from model overfitting due to dataset limitations. For future work, it is recommended to increase the sample size and utilize other CNN architectures to improve the model performance and progress towards detecting Basal Stem Rot at the early stage of infection by classifying sample images into multiple classes.INDEX TERMS Basal stem rot, convolutional neural network, deep learning, Ganoderma boninense, oil palm, terrestrial laser scanning.

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“…Virus attacks must therefore be addressed by applying reliable early diagnostic tests so that the infected plants can be rapidly eradicated and spread of the virus minimized [3]. Spectroscopic techniques have been developed as a plant disease detection system because they are faster, less expensive and more and accurate than serological, biomarker, molecular, or imaging techniques [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spectroscopy works by exposing a sample to polychromatic light in the infrared region, which causes molecular vibration as a result of the chemical composition of the sample and is then excited to a higher energy level due to the absorption of chemical bonds [18]. Then, backscattered light with a certain intensity becomes an indicator of the state of the plant [5]. In Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, the raw interferogram data are converted into an energy transmission or absorption spectrum via the Fourier transform [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fourier transform infrared spectrum pre-processing technique selection for detecting PYLCV-infected chilli plants

Agustika

Mercuriani

Purnomo

et al. 2022

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectros

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Ganoderma boninense Disease Detection by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Classification: A Review

Cited by 24 publications

References 90 publications

Classification of basal stem rot using deep learning: a review of digital data collection and palm disease classification methods

Classification of basal stem rot using deep learning: a review of digital data collection and palm disease classification methods

Detection of Basal Stem Rot Disease Using Deep Learning

Fourier transform infrared spectrum pre-processing technique selection for detecting PYLCV-infected chilli plants

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