Ganoderma Lucidum from Red Mushroom Attenuates Formaldehyde-Induced Liver Damage in Experimental Male Rat Model

Abstract

The majority of liver-related illnesses are caused by occupational and domestic exposure to toxic chemicals like formaldehyde (FA), which is widely common in Africa and the world at large. Hence, measures should be taken to protect humans from its hazardous effects. This study, therefore, examines the protective potential of Ganoderma lucidum (100 mg/kg body weight) on formaldehyde-induced (40%) liver oxido-inflammation in male rats. Male Wistar rats, 150–200 g, were allotted into four groups of 10 animals as follows: Group 1 was orally treated with 1 mg/mL distilled water, Group 2 was exposed to a 40% formaldehyde vapor environment for 30 min per day, Group 3 was orally treated with 100 mg/kg ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum, and Group 4 was co-administered formaldehyde and 100 mg/kg ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum. Rats were then sacrificed 24 h after administering the last dose of treatment, and the livers were excised. Ganoderma lucidum significantly reversed the formaldehyde-mediated reduction in body and organ weight. Ganoderma lucidum administration significantly prevented oxido-inflammation by reducing the levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione contents, as well as the normal level of nitrite and myeloperoxidase production in FA-treated rats. Additionally, Ganoderma lucidum reversed a large decline in proinflammatory markers in formaldehyde. Furthermore, Ganoderma lucidum restores formaldehyde-induced histological alterations in the liver. Collectively, our results provide valuable information on the protective potential of Ganoderma lucidum in protecting formaldehyde-induced liver oxido-inflammation in male rats.

Ganoderma lucidum: Current advancements of characteristic components and experimental progress in anti-liver fibrosis

“…G. lucidum extract exerts a preventive and therapeutic effect in experiments on liver fibrosis caused by formaldehyde (FA) exposure ( Oluwafemi Adetuyi et al, 2020 ). By evaluating alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), the hepatoprotective efficacy of G. lucidum against FA-induced liver fibrosis was determined.…”

“…These findings provide more evidence of the hepatoprotective action of G. lucidum . G. lucidum was able to counteract this impact, since the FA-treated rats exhibited extensive periportal cell infiltration and significant congestion ( Batiha et al, 2020a ; Oluwafemi Adetuyi et al, 2020 ).…”

“…FIGURE 5Data source:(Oluwafemi Adetuyi et al, 2020) formaldehyde and GL's effect on hepatic enzyme markers. The data are displayed as the mean (n = 7).…”

Available Chemical Constituents and Activities of Ganoderma Lucidum (Lingzhi or Red Reishi) Utilizing in Disease Treatment: A mini review

“…As such, this metabolism will gravely affect the liver and cause hepatotoxicity at certain concentrations. In order to prevent the deleterious influence, Oluwafemi Adetuyi et al 48 used G. lucidum triterpenoids to improve the above-mentioned toxicity markers of the liver in vivo. Their study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of G. lucidum triterpenoids on the rats' livers with formaldehyde exposure.…”

In Vitro Experimental Assessment of Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves as an α-Amylase and α-Lipase Inhibitor

“…Further complications of obesity can result in type 2 diabetes. Pancreatic α -lipase expression is vital in developing obesity towards an advanced state [ 9 ]. Phytochemicals such as quercetin, flavonoids, and polyphenols are known to inhibit pancreatic lipase.…”