Gape Angle in Asymptomatic Dogs with Normal Occlusion

Thomson, Amy; Hetzel, Scott; Snyder, Christopher J.

doi:10.1177/08987564211012487

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Gape angle could also be used to assess vmROM post‐operatively. It is not significantly different between dog breeds or between conscious and anaesthetised dogs, which allows follow‐up measurements to be taken without repeat sedations 27 . The maximum follow‐up time reported in dogs following surgical management of pseudoankylosis is 8 years 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is not significantly different between dog breeds or between conscious and anaesthetised dogs, which allows follow-up measurements to be taken without repeat sedations. 27 The maximum follow-up time reported in dogs following surgical management of pseudoankylosis is 8 years. 2 Recurrence of pseudoankylosis may occur and require further surgical intervention; however, most dogs retained a similar vmROM at long-term follow-up when compared to post-operative assessment, and dogs did not display evidence of pain, discomfort or difficulty eating.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surgical treatment of pseudoankylosis of the temporomandibular joint in a dog

Watkins

Elmenhorst

Weston

et al. 2023

Vet Record Case Reports

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Pseudoankylosis of the temporomandibular joint is infrequent in veterinary practice and mostly seen secondary to trauma. This case report describes the surgical treatment of a 1-year old, male, entire lurcher that presented with progressive lateral deviation of the muzzle to the left and decreased vertical mandibular range of motion of 6-month duration. There was no history of trauma, no pain on palpation and complete loss of temporomandibular joint movement, even under sedation. Computed tomography investigation showed a left-sided temporomandibular pseudoankylosis with osseous fusion between the zygomatic arch and mandible. Surgical excision of the ankylosed bone was performed and achieved an initial 5 cm interincisal gap. The surgical site healed, with no complications reported. Re-examination at 4 weeks revealed good vertical mandibular range of motion with interincisal gap of approximately 5 cm. At 9 months post-operatively, the dog had maintained good vertical mandibular range of motion and was able to eat normally, pant and hold large toys.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical treatment of pseudoankylosis of the temporomandibular joint in a dog

Watkins

Elmenhorst

Weston

et al. 2023

Vet Record Case Reports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…22,29 A previous study has determined the gape angle in canine patients using similar methodology. 18 Given that the feline TMJ only moves in a vertical direction, 7,8 the gape angle is the most functional measurement of the TMJ rotation in this species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Determination of the gape angle was described in a previous study in the human literature. 18,23 The interincisal distance measurements were made with a 30 cm wooden ruler. The ruler was placed on the incisive tip of a mandibular incisor with the right hand while the left hand gently stabilized and tilted the head back to permit maximal mouth opening.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporomandibular Joint Gape Angles in Normal and Painful Domestic Felines

et al. 2023

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The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the gape angles (temporomandibular joint range of motion with mouth opening) of conscious and anesthetized domestic felines and to compare gape angles with and without evidence of oral pain. This prospective study evaluated the gape angle of 58 domestic felines. The cats were grouped into painful ( n = 33) and nonpainful cohorts ( n = 25) and gape angles were compared during conscious and anesthetized conditions. Gape angles were determined based on measurements of the maximal interincisal distance and lengths of the mandible and maxilla followed by calculation of the law of cosines. The mean feline gape angle (standard deviation) was determined to be 45.3° (8.6°) and 50.8° (6.2°) for conscious and anesthetized felines respectively. There was no significant difference between painful and non-painful feline gape angles during conscious ( P = .613) or anesthetized ( P = .605) evaluations. There was a significant difference between anesthetized and conscious gape angles ( P < .001) for both painful and non-painful cohorts. This study determined the standardized, normal feline temporomandibular joint (TMJ) gape angle in both conscious and anesthetized states. This study suggests that the feline gape angle is not a useful indicator of oral pain. By determining the feline gape angle, which was previously unknown, further evaluation of its utility as a non-invasive clinical parameter for evaluation of restrictive TMJ motions as well as its use for serial evaluations may be pursued.

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Novel Management of Masticatory Myositis in Three Dogs with a Selective Janus Kinase (JAK-1) Inhibitor

Congiusta,

Snyder,

Soukup

et al. 2024

J Vet Dent

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Masticatory myositis (MM) is an inflammatory myopathy reported in dogs and is characterized by inflammation of the masticatory muscles (temporalis, masseter, and pterygoid muscles). Immunosuppressive therapy is the current recommended treatment for MM and may involve glucocorticoids, cyclosporine, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, leflunomide, or a combination of these treatments that are slowly tapered to the lowest effective dose. However, side effects from multimodal medical therapy and complications associated with MM relapses have been reported. The purpose of this case series was to report oclacitinib as a treatment alternative to traditional medical management of MM. The intent of this alternative is to manage side effects from glucocorticoid use. Oclacitinib (1mg/kg per os q12h) was used solely for treatment of MM in three dogs. The dogs were followed up to >6 months after oclacitinib administration. An increase in oral range of motion, as determined by gape angle, was noted in all three dogs. However, a corresponding drop in antibody titers (2M fiber) did not occur. All dogs showed improvement in overall clinical management of MM, side effects from glucocorticoids, and clinical signs related to chronic prednisone use. Larger controlled trials with consistent measurements (interincisal distance, gape angle) and 2M fiber antibody titers are indicated to further assess validation of oclacitinib treatment of MM. The clinical outcome of all dogs was considered successful.

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Gape Angle in Asymptomatic Dogs with Normal Occlusion

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Surgical treatment of pseudoankylosis of the temporomandibular joint in a dog

Surgical treatment of pseudoankylosis of the temporomandibular joint in a dog

Temporomandibular Joint Gape Angles in Normal and Painful Domestic Felines

Novel Management of Masticatory Myositis in Three Dogs with a Selective Janus Kinase (JAK-1) Inhibitor

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