Gastric Electrical Stimulation Improves Symptoms of Diabetic Gastroparesis in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis—2 Case Reports

Abstract

Diabetic gastroparesis (DGP), a delay in gastric emptying without obstruction to outflow as a complication of diabetes, typically develops after at least 10 years of diabetes. Cardinal symptoms include nausea, vomiting, early satiety, bloating, and upper abdominal pain. The aim of DGP treatment is to alleviate the severity and frequency of symptoms, improve the level of gastric emptying, ameliorate the patient's nutritional status and to optimize glycemic control. In the treatment of chronic drug-refractory nausea and vomiting secondary to DGP, gastric electrical stimulation (GES) such as Enterra Therapy System (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) can be considered. It is well established that diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring renal replacement therapy. The exact prevalence of patients with severe DGP and ESRD is not known; however, finding a therapeutic approach to these patients, particularly those whose gastroparesis symptoms preclude them from undergoing kidney transplant procedure, represents a huge challenge. Our experience suggests that GES implantation can be an effective treatment modality for type 1 diabetic patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) who are simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation candidates, by improving the severity and frequency of gastroparesis symptoms and eventually ensuring their optimal nutritional and fluid intake.

Dietary modifications achieved successful resolution of symptoms of gastroparesis diagnosed by demonstrating gastric food retention after overnight fasting in diabetic dialysis patients: two case reports with literature review

“…A literature search revealed no reports on the effectiveness of dietary management alone in patients with gastroparesis and renal insufficiency. Sporadic reports have shown successful results from different approaches such as gastric electrical stimulation and newer antiemetics [55][56][57]. These options are not available in Japan.…”