Gastrin in fetal and neonatal pigs

Ru, Xu; Cranwell, P. D.

doi:10.1016/0305-0491(91)90264-e

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Our results are consistent with those previously reported in sheep [44] and in humans [2]. The fact that proteolysis in fetuses is probably much less intense than it is in adults may represent an unique situation whereby luminal peptides could contribute to the in utero development of the digestive mucosa [25,44]. As regards amniotic fluid, the concentrations of the four peptides here assayed at the end of gestation were lower than the values in gastric content and in maternal or fetal plasma (except for secretin in maternal plasma).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Gut Regulatory Peptide Levels in Bovine Fetuses and Their Dams between the 3rd and 9th Months of Gestation

et al. 1998

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Several gut regulatory peptides were measured by radioimmunoassay between 3 and 9 months of gestation in the plasma of 91 bovine fetuses and their dams, in fetal gastric content and in amniotic fluid. During gestation, plasma peptide concentrations did not change in cows. Likewise, fetal plasma concentrations of cholecystokinin, somatostatin, secretin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide showed no variation while those of gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide and gastric inhibitory polypeptide increased during the last 6 months. Peptide levels in the fetus were higher than or equal to maternal concentrations. At 8–9 months of gestation, gastrin, CCK, secretin and somatostatin concentrations in amniotic fluid were lower than those measured in fetal gastric content and in maternal and fetal plasma. Therefore, a substantial endogenous endocrine production of regulatory peptides by the fetus probably exists as early as the third month of gestation, accompanied by a release into the lumen of the gut.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Gut Regulatory Peptide Levels in Bovine Fetuses and Their Dams between the 3rd and 9th Months of Gestation

et al. 1998

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“…In adults, gastrin in the gastric lumen is unlikely to have physiological effects due to its rapid destruction by pepsin in an acidic environment (Stadil, Malmstrom, Miyata & Rehfeld, 1975). However, as suggested earlier for both fetal pigs (Xu & Cranwell, 1991) and fetal sheep (Shulkes, Chick & Hardy, 1984) it remains possible that luminal gastrin has high stability and potential trophic effects in fetuses before the increase in gastric acid and pepsin secretion. The fetal and newborn pig stomach contains no pepsin but only chymosin (rennin), which has high milk clotting activity but virtually no general proteolytic activity (Sangild et al 1992b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Secretion of acid, gastrin, and cobalamin‐binding proteins by the fetal pig stomach: developmental regulation by cortisol

Sangild¹,

Hilsted²,

Nexø³

et al. 1994

Experimental Physiology

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SUMMARYThe role of cortisol in the development of gastric function was investigated in the fetal pig. Pregnant sows (term = 1 14 + 2 days, n = 10) were anaesthetized (pentobarbitone) and osmotic minipumps containing either saline or cortisol inserted subcutaneously into fetuses at 82-84 (n = 11) or 91-96 (n = 14) days gestation. Six days later the infused pigs were removed by Caesarean section and the stomach and its contents collected for analysis. Samples were also obtained from unoperated (control) fetal pigs (n = 51) removed under anaesthesia at intervals from 70 days gestation until term. The concentrations of acid in gastric fluid, gastrin in plasma and antral tissue (bioactive as well as precursor forms), and cobalamin(CBL)-binding proteins in fundic tissue were low in control pigs until 100 days gestation. During the last 2 weeks before term, large increases occurred in gastric fluid acidity (from pH 6-7 to pH 3 at birth), plasma amidated gastrin (from 10 to 90 pM) and CBL-binding protein concentration (from 10 to 80 pmol (g fundus)-1). These changes occurred in parallel with a surge in plasma cortisol (from 20 to 200 ng ml-'). Immature fetuses infused with cortisol had significantly higher gastric acidity, plasma amidated gastrin, and concentration of CBL-binding proteins than the corresponding control fetuses (P < 0 05). Across age and treatment groups, significant correlations were found between log1o plasma cortisol values and the above parameters (r = 0 59-076, P < 001). The results suggest that endogenous cortisol secretion stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, gastrin and CBL-binding proteins in the prenatal period of the pig.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Gastrin is responsible for acid secretion and maintenance of the gastric mucosa (Jain and Samuelson, 2006) while CCK promotes digestion through different independent mechanisms (Bragado et al, 1998;Williams, 2001;Thomas et al, 2003). Previous results support the importance of CCK and gastrin for the fetal (Xu and Cranwell, 1991) and neonatal (Lebenthal and Lebenthal, 1999) gastrointestinal development in pigs.Signaling of chemokine C-X-C motif receptor 4 (CXCR4), a chemokine receptor in the G protein coupled receptor family, was activated as a consequence of maternal supplementation with MRF. Activation of CXCR4 suggests potential regulation of humoral immunity (Nie et al, 2004) since this receptor is expressed commonly by immune cells and, in response to binding its ligand SDF-1 (stromal cell derived factor 1), triggers the migration and recruitment of immune cells (Bleul et al, 1996;Cheng et al, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Intestinal gene expression profiles of piglets benefit from maternal supplementation with a yeast mannan-rich fraction during gestation and lactation

Graugnard

Samuel

Xiao

et al. 2015

Animal

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The objective was to study the effect of maternal supplementation with a yeast cell wall-based product containing a mannan-rich fraction (MRF) during gestation and lactation on piglet intestinal gene expression. First parity sows were fed experimental gestation and lactation diets with or without MRF (900 mg/kg). After farrowing, piglets were fostered within treatment, as necessary. Sow and litter production performance data were collected until weaning. On day 10 post farrowing, jejunum samples from piglets were collected for gene expression analysis using the Affymetrix Porcine GeneChip array. Most performance parameters did not differ between the treatments. However, protein ( P < 0.01), total solids less fat ( P < 0.03) and the concentration of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in milk were greater ( P < 0.05) in the MRF-supplemented group. Gene expression results using hierarchical clustering revealed an overall dietary effect. Further analysis elucidated activation of pathways involved in tissue development, functioning and immunity, as well as greater cell proliferation and less migration of cells in the jejunum tissue. In conclusion, feeding the sow MRF during pregnancy and lactation was an effective nutritional strategy to bolster colostrum and milk IgG that are essential for development of piglet immune system and gut. In addition, the gene expression patterns affected by the passive immunity transfer showed indicators that could benefit animal performance long term.Keywords: yeast cell wall, pig, microarray, immunity, intestine ImplicationsSupplementing the sow during gestation and lactation with a yeast cell wall-based product containing a mannan-rich fraction was shown to be an effective nutritional strategy to improve immunity transfer from the sow to piglets. Through nutritional supplementation to the sow, a greater concentration of antibodies was transferred via colostrum and milk to piglets during the critical neonatal period. This enhanced transfer could be expected to improve piglet immunocompetence leading to increased survival rate. In addition, sow diet altered transcript profiles in neonatal intestine to promote proper gut development essential for nutrient absorption suggesting potential long-term performance benefits. IntroductionNutritional strategies to improve neonatal animal performance are fundamental to improve overall animal productivity. Low level antibiotics were historically used to improve performance; however, probiotics and prebiotics have gained considerable attention as performance-enhancing alternatives. Alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters include supplemental yeast and yeast derived products that are beneficial to animal health, growth and performance (van der Peet-Schwering et al., 2007;Shen et al., 2011;Zhao et al., 2012). Mannan oligosaccharide, a family of yeast cell wall containing a mannan-rich fraction (MRF) derivatives, have gained attention for their value and role in immune modulation in swine species (Nochta et al., 2009;Czech et al., 2010;Che et al., 2011;Che et...

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Gastrin in fetal and neonatal pigs

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Gut Regulatory Peptide Levels in Bovine Fetuses and Their Dams between the 3rd and 9th Months of Gestation

Gut Regulatory Peptide Levels in Bovine Fetuses and Their Dams between the 3rd and 9th Months of Gestation

Secretion of acid, gastrin, and cobalamin‐binding proteins by the fetal pig stomach: developmental regulation by cortisol

Intestinal gene expression profiles of piglets benefit from maternal supplementation with a yeast mannan-rich fraction during gestation and lactation

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