Gastrodin Improves Cognitive Dysfunction in REM Sleep-Deprived Rats by Regulating TLR4/NF-κB and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways

Abstract

Gastrodin is the active ingredient in Gastrodia elata. Our previous studies demonstrated that gastrodin ameliorated cerebral ischemia–reperfusion and hypoperfusion injury and improved cognitive deficit in Alzheimer’s disease. This study aims to examine the effects of gastrodin on REM sleep deprivation in rats. Gastrodin (100 and 150 mg/kg) was orally administered for 7 consecutive days before REM sleep deprivation. Seventy-two hours later, pentobarbital-induced sleep tests and a Morris water maze were performed to measure REM sleep quality and learning and memory ability. Histopathology was observed with hematoxylin–eosin staining, and the expression of the NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways was examined using Western blot. After REM sleep deprivation, sleep latency increased and sleep duration decreased, and the ability of learning and memory was impaired. Neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region and the cortex were damaged. Gastrodin treatment significantly improved REM sleep-deprivation-induced sleep disturbance, cognitive deficits and neuron damage in the hippocampus CA1 region and cerebral cortex. A mechanism analysis revealed that the NF-κB pathway was activated and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was inhibited after REM sleep deprivation, and gastrodin ameliorated these aberrant changes. Gastrodin improves REM sleep-deprivation-induced sleep disturbance and cognitive dysfunction by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways and can be considered a potential candidate for the treatment of REM sleep deprivation.

Crocin (bioactive compound of Crocus sativus L.) potently restores REM sleep deprivation-induced manic- and obsessive-compulsive-like behaviors in female rats

“…It has been shown that multiple-platform method also reduces non-REM sleep by about 30%, in addition to complete deprivation of REM sleep (Machado et al ., 2004). But this method is still the most common method to induce REM SD in rodents (Chen et al ., 2022; Liu et al ., 2023; Shahveisi et al ., 2023) (see limitations).…”

“…Fourth, induction of REM SD by the multiple-platform method can also reduce non-REM sleep by about 30%, in addition to complete deprivation of REM sleep (Machado et al ., 2004). This can be a limitation of this method, although this method is still the most common method used to induce REM SD in rodents (Chen et al ., 2022; Liu et al ., 2023; Shahveisi et al ., 2023). Fifth, this study was a pure behavioral study and we did not evaluate specific molecular targets or mechanisms.…”

Puerarin alleviates sleep disorders in aged mice related to repairing intestinal mucosal barrier

“…Sleep has long been recognized as an essential component in brain maturation, as well as in the development and maintenance of cognitive functions [ 28 , 29 ]. Our findings indicate that puerarin treatment markedly improved cognitive behavior and spatial motor skills in mice with light-induced sleep disorders.…”

Recent progresses in gut microbiome mediates obstructive sleep apnea‐induced cardiovascular diseases

“…The TLR4/NF‐κB pathway may also be associated with SF‐induced damage. Liu et al 54 utilized the modified multi‐platform sleep deprivation method to simulate rapid eye movement sleep deprivation, a common method for SF modeling. The rapid eye movement sleep‐deprived rats exhibited prolonged sleep latency and shortened sleep duration compared to the control group.…”