Gastrointestinal Absorption, Tissue Distribution, and Excretion of 95 Nb in Newborn and Weanling Swine and Sheep

Mraz, Frank R.; Eisele, Gerhard R

doi:10.2307/3574616

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The muscle, pelt, and liver contained approximately 33–37%, 17–21%, and 4–5%, respectively, of total body activity over the entire observation period. The kidney content increased from approximately 1.5% of total body activity at 1 d to more than 3% after 35 d. (614) 95 Nb oxalate was administered orally or intravenously to sheep and swine 6–18 h after birth or 3 weeks after weaning (Mraz and Eisele, 1977b). At 3 d after intravenous administration, the mean skeletal content was approximately 67% of the injected amount in newborn sheep compared with 43% in weaned sheep, and 66% in newborn swine compared with 51% in weaned swine.…”

Section: Niobium (Z = 41)mentioning

confidence: 99%

ICRP Publication 134: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 2

Paquet¹,

Bailey²,

Leggett³

et al. 2016

Ann ICRP

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The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP, 2007) introduced changes that affect the calculation of effective dose, and implied a revision of the dose coefficients for internal exposure, published previously in the Publication 30 series (ICRP, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1988b) and Publication 68 (ICRP, 1994b). In addition, new data are available that support an update of the radionuclide-specific information given in Publications 54 and 78 (ICRP, 1988a, 1997b) for the design of monitoring programmes and retrospective assessment of occupational internal doses. Provision of new biokinetic models, dose coefficients, monitoring methods, and bioassay data was performed by Committee 2, Task Group 21 on Internal Dosimetry, and Task Group 4 on Dose Calculations. A new series, the Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides (OIR) series, will replace the Publication 30 series and Publications 54, 68, and 78. Part 1 of the OIR series has been issued (ICRP, 2015), and describes the assessment of internal occupational exposure to radionuclides, biokinetic and dosimetric models, methods of individual and workplace monitoring, and general aspects of retrospective dose assessment. The following publications in the OIR series (Parts 2–5) will provide data on individual elements and their radioisotopes, including information on chemical forms encountered in the workplace; a list of principal radioisotopes and their physical half-lives and decay modes; the parameter values of the reference biokinetic model; and data on monitoring techniques for the radioisotopes encountered most commonly in workplaces. Reviews of data on inhalation, ingestion, and systemic biokinetics are also provided for most of the elements. Dosimetric data provided in the printed publications of the OIR series include tables of committed effective dose per intake (Sv per Bq intake) for inhalation and ingestion, tables of committed effective dose per content (Sv per Bq measurement) for inhalation, and graphs of retention and excretion data per Bq intake for inhalation. These data are provided for all absorption types and for the most common isotope(s) of each element. The electronic annex that accompanies the OIR series of reports contains a comprehensive set of committed effective and equivalent dose coefficients, committed effective dose per content functions, and reference bioassay functions. Data are provided for inhalation, ingestion, and direct input to blood. The present publication provides the above data for the following elements: hydrogen (H), carbon (C), phosphorus (P), sulphur (S), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn), strontium (Sr), yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), and technetium (Tc).

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Section: Niobium (Z = 41)mentioning

confidence: 99%

ICRP Publication 134: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 2

Paquet¹,

Bailey²,

Leggett³

et al. 2016

Ann ICRP

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“…Values for absorption in the rat of between 1-5% and 5 % (Thomas et al 1961) and about 0 .09% (Mraz and Eisele 1977a) were also reported . In addition Mraz and Eisele (1977b) obtained values of absorption of 0 . 08% for sheep and 0 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…5% and 4% in newborn and 7-day-old rats given 9S Nb oxalate . Greater values of about 35% and 42% were obtained for sheep' and pigs after administration of 9S Nb oxalate at 6-18 h after birth (Mraz and Eisele 1977b) . Increased absorption in neonates is a general phenomenon applying to a large number of elements and all mammalian species studied (NEA 1988) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Higher values of 40% and 35% were obtained for 1-day-old pigs and sheep, respectively, compared with values of less than 0 . 5% in weaned animals (Mraz and Eisele 1977b) . On the basis of these limited data, the NEA Expert Group proposed the use of 2 % as an average value for the absorption by human infants in the first year of life (NEA 1988) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The Gastrointestinal Absorption and Retention of Niobium in Adult and Newborn Guinea Pigs

Harrison¹,

Haines²,

Popplewell³

1990

International Journal of Radiation Biology

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The gastrointestinal absorption of 95Nb ingested in milk by adult guinea pigs on a milk-supplemented diet was estimated as 0.8 +/- 0.2% (SEM; n = 4) and a value of 1.4 +/- 0.2% was obtained for guinea pigs fasted for 24 h before and 2 h after the oral administration of 95Nb in a citrate solution. The absorption in 2-day-old animals given the 95Nb-citrate solution was estimated as 1.5 +/- 0.2% (SEM; n = 3). These results support the values currently used for radiological protection purposes to calculate doses from the ingestion of niobium isotopes; these are 1% for adults and 2% for infants in the first year of life. Intestinal retention of niobium in newborn guinea pigs was low, unlike retention in other species, but consistent with observations of the retention of other elements in guinea pigs. It is considered that retention in human neonates is likely to be most similar to that in guinea pigs. Whole-body retention of 95Nb after systemic administration in citrate solution was slightly lower in 2-day-old guinea pigs than in adults, with rapid excretion of about 50% over the first day compared with 40% in adults. Subsequent clearance was similar in the two age groups with a retention half-time of about 30 days.

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“…Tissue accumulation of 95 Nb at 4 days after administration occurred primarily in liver, kidney, and bone. Considerably more 95 Nb was absorbed after oral administration in newborn sheep and swine compared to weanlings (Mraz and Eisele 1977b). Guinea pigs on a niobium-supplemented milk diet had an estimated absorption of 0.8 AE 0.2% of the dose; absorption in the 2-day-old animals was estimated at 1.5 AE 0.2% (Harrison et al 1990).…”

Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 97%