Gastrointestinal ulceration in calves presented to a central Iowa veterinary referral facility: An underappreciated morbidity?

Mosichuk, Allison P; Smith, Joseph A.; Tatarniuk, Dane M.; Kreuder, Amanda J.

doi:10.1101/2020.12.17.423269

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Clinical signs range from mild (anorexia/hyporexia) to severe (acute death) but are often vague and difficult to interpret definitively as indicators of abomasal ulceration. Contributing to ulceration include factors such as age, weather, housing, stress, trauma, nutrition, bacterial overgrowth, and the administration of a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) (5)(6)(7). Small ruminants placed in a new environment, such as a hospital, can experience high levels of physiological stress, and many of these hospitalized patients also receive an NSAID as part of their treatment protocol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of esomeprazole in goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) after intravenous and subcutaneous administration

et al. 2022

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BackgroundStressed and hospitalized goats are at risk of developing abomasal (gastric) ulceration, but there is a paucity of pharmacokinetic studies for proton pump inhibiting drugs, such as, esomeprazole in goats.ObjectivesThe objectives for this study were to estimate plasma pharmacokinetic parameters for esomeprazole in adult goats after intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SQ) administration. A secondary objective was to describe the plasma kinetics of the metabolite esomeprazole sulfone after IV and SC administration in goats.Materials and methodsEsomeprazole was administered to 5 adult goats in a crossover study at doses of 1 mg/kg IV or 2 mg/kg SC. Plasma samples were collected over 36 h and analyzed via reverse phase HPLC to determine concentrations of esomeprazole and esomeprazole sulfone. Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived via non-compartmental analysis.ResultsFollowing IV administration, mean values for plasma clearance (Cl), elimination half-life [T1/2 (λz)], C0, and volume of distribution (Vz) of esomeprazole were estimated at 24.9 mL/min/kg, 6 min, 2.324 μg/mL, and 0.23 L/kg, respectively. After SC administration elimination half-life, maximum concentration (Cmax) and time to maximum concentration (Tmax) of esomeprazole were estimated at 29 min, 1.038 μg/mL, and 22 minutes respectively. Maximum concentrations of the sulfone metabolite were 32 and 18 ng/mL after IV and SC administration.ConclusionEsomeprazole was rapidly eliminated from plasma after both IV and SC injection in goats. The elimination half-life in goats appears to be shorter than reported in dogs, as well as less than that reported for pantoprazole in goats. The sulfone metabolite was detected and also rapidly eliminated from the plasma after both IV and SC administration. Additional pharmacodynamic investigations are needed to determine the efficacy of esomeprazole on abomasal (gastric) acid suppression in goats and could include larger doses or additional routes of administration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of esomeprazole in goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) after intravenous and subcutaneous administration

et al. 2022

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“…Identified factors contributing to ulceration include stress (e.g., handling, travel), weather, housing, mineral deficiencies, bacterial overgrowth, and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ( 7 ). The animal's age may also contribute to the disorder, with the highest reported prevalence in veal calves; however, ulcers can be found in all ages of cattle ( 1 , 8 ). Production of hydrochloric acid (HCl) by gastric parietal cells has been proven to exacerbate ulceration and is believed to contribute to the establishment of ulcers ( 9 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of pantoprazole in calves

et al. 2023

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IntroductionDevelopment of abomasal ulceration is a large concern, especially within calves; however, there is a paucity of research into the use of gastro protectants in ruminant species. Proton pump inhibitors, such as pantoprazole, are widely used in humans and companion animals. Their efficacy in ruminant species is undetermined. The objectives of this study were to 1) estimate the plasma pharmacokinetic parameters for pantoprazole in neonatal calves after three days of intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous (SC) administration, and 2) measure the effect pantoprazole had on abomasal pH over the treatment period.MethodsPantoprazole was administered to 6 Holstein-Angus cross bull calves at a dose of 1 mg/kg (IV) or 2 mg/kg (SC), once a day (every 24 h) for three days. Plasma samples were collected over a 72 h period and analyzed via HPLC-UV for determining pantoprazole concentrations. Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived via non-compartmental analysis. Abomasal (n= 8) samples were collected via abomasal cannulas over a 12 h period, per calf per day. Abomasal pH was determined via a bench top pH analyzer.ResultsFollowing Day 1 of IV administration, plasma clearance, elimination half-life, and volume of distribution of pantoprazole were estimated at 199.9 mL/kg/h, 1.44 h, and 0.51 L/kg, respectively. On Day 3 of IV administration, the reported values were 192.9 mL/kg/h, 2.52 h, and 1.80 L/kg mL, respectively. Elimination half-life and volume of distribution (V/F) of pantoprazole following SC administration were estimated at 1.81 h and 0.55 L/kg, respectively, on Day 1; and 2.99 h and 2.82 L/kg, respectively, on Day 3.DiscussionThe reported values for IV administration were similar to those previously reported in calves. SC administration appears to be well absorbed and tolerated. The sulfone metabolite was detectable for 36 h after the last administration for both routes. Abomasal pH was significantly higher than the pre-pantoprazole pH 4, 6, and 8 h after administration in both the IV and SC groups. Further studies of pantoprazole as a treatment/preventative for abomasal ulcers are warranted.

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Gastrointestinal ulceration in calves presented to a central Iowa veterinary referral facility: An underappreciated morbidity?

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Pharmacokinetics of esomeprazole in goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) after intravenous and subcutaneous administration

Pharmacokinetics of esomeprazole in goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) after intravenous and subcutaneous administration

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of pantoprazole in calves

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