Gaze performance during face-to-face communication: A live eye tracking study of typical children and children with autism

Falck‐Ytter, Terje

doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2015.06.007

Cited by 49 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Researchers have investigated handedness [39] and other hemispheric lateralization theories related to emotional processing both for the mother [8,9,49] and infant [14,[50][51][52]. The relationship of cradling bias to the neural substrates of face processing have also been a subject of study [19,21,[53][54][55][56][57].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the Significance of Leftward Cradling Bias?

Jones¹

2017

J Neonatal Biol

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Maternal cradling bias is the act of human females to tend to cradle new-borns to the left side in the first few weeks of life. Many factors contributing to the occurrence of leftward cradling bias have been explored including handedness and hemispheric dominance, neural development in neonates, breast feeding influences and early communicative. Accepted best practices for developmental support for premature infants incorporate positioning and holding neonates in their protocols. Questions as to what function leftward cradling serves and what impact it has on the developmental trajectory of the infant in the first few weeks of life is the subject of much research. This paper will review the literature focusing on maternal cradling bias and explore implications on best practices for paediatric professionals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the Significance of Leftward Cradling Bias?

Jones¹

2017

J Neonatal Biol

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“…The study of infants’ eye movements has begun to reveal what infants understand about how people interact (Augusti, Melinder, & Gredebäck, 2010), how they interpret others’ behaviors, and how they make predictions about others’ actions in real time, while the actions occur (Brandone, Horwitz, Aslin, & Wellman, 2014; Cannon & Woodward, 2012; Falck-Ytter, 2015; Fawcett & Gredebäck, 2013; Gredebäck & Melinder, 2010; Thorgrimsson et al, 2014, 2015). For example, infants make more gaze shifts between two actors when they engage in face-to-face compared to back-to-back conversation, suggesting 6-month-olds are sensitive to conventional patterns of social interaction (Augusti et al, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

How do infants and adults process communicative events in real time?

Yamashiro

Vouloumanos

2018

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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Speech allows humans to communicate and to navigate the social world. By 12 months, infants recognize that speech elicits appropriate responses from others. However, it is unclear how infants process dynamic communicative scenes and how their processing abilities compare to adults. Do infants, like adults, process communicative events while the event is occurring, or only after being presented with the outcome? We examined 12-month-olds’ and adults’ eye movements as they watched a Communicator grasp one (target) of two objects. During the test event, she could no longer reach the objects, so she spoke or coughed to a Listener, who selected either object. Infants’ and adults’ patterns of looking to the actors and objects revealed that both groups immediately evaluated the Communicators’ speech, but not her cough, as communicative, and recognized that the Listener should select the target object only when the Communicator spoke. Furthermore, infants and adults shifted their attention between the actors and the objects in very similar ways. This suggests that 12-month-olds can quickly process communicative events as they occur with adult-like accuracy. However, differences in looking reveal that 12-month-olds’ process slower than adults. This early developing processing ability may allow infants to learn language and acquire knowledge from communicative interactions.

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“…As Nadig et al (2010, 12) have put it, 'the time spent looking at a region does not necessarily capture the function of visual attention' -that is, what kinds of functions gaze serves cannot be reduced merely to their quantity. To date, perhaps closest to a naturalistic examination about timing of gaze has been the study by Falck-Ytter (2015), which measured the target and the timing of gaze in a face-to-face situation: as an adult (experimenter) was reading a story to a child. While the findings indicated that the gaze of children with ASD was less frequently aligned with the experimenter's gaze (unlike in interactions with typically developing children), only limited information was available about the stream of action as the alignment happened or was expected to happen.…”

Section: 'Where' and 'When' Gaze Occursmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Falck-Ytter and von Hofsten (2011) have stressed that the viewing of videos places participants in the role of a passive receiver of social information and lacks interactional opportunities for participation with other people (Falck-Ytter & von Hofsten, 2011;Gobel et al 2015;Guillon et al 2014). Recent developments have A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 4 4 attempted to overcome some of these limitations using face-to-face situations in which eye movements are measured using mobile equipment; to date, only a handful of such live eye tracking studies exist (Falck-Ytter, 2015;Falck-Ytter et al 2015;Freeth et al 2013;Hanley et al 2014;Hanley et al 2015;Magrelli et al 2013;Nadig et al 2010;Noris et al 2012; Thorup et al 2016;Vabalas & Freeth, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, some studies of children with ASD have shown a reduced tendency to look at an adult's face during a storytelling situation but not in a cognitive testing situation with an experimenter (Falck-Ytter, 2015;Falck-Ytter et al 2015). Such evidence suggests that children with ASD might not have a fundamental deficit in their social use of gaze, but that the degree to which gaze is used varies in different contexts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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