Gel Growth and Preliminary Characterization of Strontium Tartrate Trihydrate

Abstract

Results of a study on nucleation kinetics, growth, and characterization of strontium tartrate trihydrate single crystals in silica hydrogel are described. The basic structure, composition, and perfection of the grown crystals were determined by XRD, EDAX, and laser scattering tomography. It was found that experimental conditions, such as pH and density of gel, concentration and volume of supernatant liquid, aging and quality of gel, have a strong influence on the nucleation kinetics and growth of the crystals. The effect of experimental conditions on growth kinetics has been qualitatively explained from the standpoint of the classical nucleation theory.

Growth and characterization of strontium tartrate pentahydrate crystals

“…Whether it is XRD, CHN analysis or FTIR the crystals grown during the present investigation show results different from the ones reported in the literature for strontium tartrate trihydrate [11]. …”

“…The concentration/quantity of the upper reactants, gel age and gel pH greatly influence the ultimate number of crystals in a given run. The morphological development and cell parameters of the crystals grown here are different from what has been reported in the literature for strontium tartrate trihydrate crystals [11]. The thermal studies suggest the material to be thermally stable up to about 105°C but thereafter it starts dissociating and ejecting water at various steps, finally reducing to strontium oxide…”

“…The experimental results of XRD were examined on application of Powder-X software and using this program the cell parameters and the interfacial angles were determined to be a=9.47 Å, b=10.96 Å, c=9.45 Å, α= β = γ =90°, V=980.8268 Å 3 Table 1 provides the observed and calculated d-spacings, observed and calculated 2θ as well as the corresponding planes.The results obtained through XRD studies are different from strontium tartrate trihydrate crystals reported by Arora et al [11]. FTIR spectroscopic results Figure 9 shows the FTIR spectrum of STP crystals grown in the silica-gel.…”

Growth and characterization of pure and lithium doped strontium tartrate tetrahydrate crystals by solution-gel technique

“…With the invention of lasers, the field of non-linear optics touched new heights and practical implementation was possible with the application of non-linear optical crystals. Growth of single crystals of strontium tartrate tetrahydrate (SrTTH) and trihydrate has attracted many researchers Arora 1976, 1977;Arora et al 2004aArora et al , b, c, 2005a on account of their ferroelectric and non-linear optical characteristics based on their second harmonic generation (SHG). Now-a-days great attention has been devoted to the growth and characterization of pure and doped tartrate crystals with the aim of identifying new materials for practical purposes.…”

Growth of ytterbium tartrate trihydrate crystals in silica and agar‐agar gels and their characterization

“…Consequently, they are used in transducers and several linear and nonlinear mechanical devices [1,2,4]. Many investigators have grown and studied characteristics of single crystals of tartrate compounds by gel method using silica gel [7][8][9]. Rare earth tartrates bearing the general formula R 2 (C 4 H 4 O 6 ) 3 .xH 2 O (R = Nd, Dy, Gd, La, Di, Pr, Sm and Y) have also been grown by gel method using silica gel as a medium of growth [10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”