Gemella morbillorum Endocarditis in a Child

Gimigliano, Fabrizio; Carletti, Michaela; Carducci, G.; Iodice, Francesca; Ballerini, Luigi

doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000153173.47612.ab

Cited by 9 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Gemella species, including Gemella morbillorum, a microaerophilic Gram-positive coccus, are part of the normal fl ora of the human oropharynx, upper respiratory, urogenital and gastrointestinal tract rarely causing human infection. Although uncommonly pathogenic, they have been implicated in a variety of human infections, some of them with serious consequences, most notably infective endocarditis [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] . Dental instrumentation appears to be the usual source of infection 1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebellar abscess by Gemella morbillorum in a patient with inter-atrial communication

Lopes

Providência²,

Pais³

et al. 2007

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-Gemella morbillorum, a commensal of the oropharynx, upper respiratory, urogenital and gastrointestinal tract is rarely associated with infections in humans. However, an increasing number of infectious processes in different locations have been reported. Cerebral abscesses caused by these bacteria are extremely uncommon with only four cases previously described in the literature. We present the case of a cerebellar abscess by Gemella morbillorum in a 50 years-old man with inter-atrial communication dealt by surgical excision and antimicrobial therapy.KEY WORDS: cerebellar abscess, inter-atrial communication, Gemella. Abscesso cerebelar por Gemella morbillorum em paciente com comunicação inter-atrialRESUMO -Gemella morbillorum, uma bactéria comensal da orofaringe, vias aéreas superiores e aparelhos urogenital e gastrointestinal, raramente causa infecções em humanos. No entanto, um crescente número de processos infeciosos em diferentes localizações tem sido referido. Abcessos cerebrais provocados por esta bactéria são extremamente raros, encontrando-se apenas quatro casos previamente descritos na literatura.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebellar abscess by Gemella morbillorum in a patient with inter-atrial communication

Lopes

Providência²,

Pais³

et al. 2007

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…Gemella sp. are reported to be associated with extra-oral infections but do not seem to pose a threat to the dental tissues (Gimigliano et al, 2005). A. defectiva is also associated with extraoral infections and its role in dental caries or health remains unknown (Paju et al, 2004).…”

Section: Heritability Of Oral Microbial Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heritability of Oral Microbial Species in Caries-Active and Caries-Free Twins

Corby¹,

Bretz

Hart

et al. 2007

Twin Res Hum Genet

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O ral microbes that colonize in the mouths of humans contribute to disease susceptibility, but it is unclear if host genetic factors mediate colonization. We therefore tested the hypothesis that the levels at which oral microbes colonize in the mouth are heritable. Dental plaque biofilms were sampled from intact tooth surfaces of 118 caries-free twins. An additional 86 caries-active twins were sampled for plaque from carious lesions and intact tooth surfaces. Using a reverse capture checkerboard assay the relative abundance of 82 bacterial species was determined. An integrative computational predictive model determined microbial abundance patterns of microbial species in caries-free twins as compared to caries-active twins. Heritability estimates were calculated for the relative microbial abundance levels of the microbial species in both groups. The levels of 10 species were significantly different in healthy individuals than in caries-active individuals, including, A. defectiva, S. parasanguinis, S. mitis/oralis, S. sanguinis, S. cristatus, S. salivarius, Streptococcus sp. clone CH016, G. morbillorum and G. haemolysans. Moderate to high heritability estimates were found for these species (h 2 = 56%-80 %, p < .0001). Similarity of the overall oral microbial flora was also evident in caries-free twins from multivariate distance matrix regression analysis. It appears that genetic and/or familial factors significantly contribute to the colonization of oral beneficial species in twins.

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“…All studies were published between 1989 and 2019. The majority of studies were conducted in Europe and the UK [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 30 , 32 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 40 , 46 , 47 , 49 , 52 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 60 , 61 , 66 , 68 , 72 , 73 , 75 , 84 , 92 ] followed by North America [ 15 , 17 , 19 , 21 , 29 , 31 , 33 , 39 , 43 , 45 , 48 , 54 , 55 , 64 , 67 , 69 , 71 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 83 , 86 , 88 , 89 , 90 ] and Asia. [ 14 , 16 , 18 , 20 , 41 , 44 , 50 , 51 , 53 , 62 , 63 , 65 , 74 ,…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of population studies, six studies observed Gemella spp. in the pediatric population, [ 35 , 37 , 51 , 55 , 62 , 67 ] while two articles found the bacteria in the intravenous drug users or body piercing populations. [ 23 , 28 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors and Patient Profile of Infective Endocarditis due to <i>Gemella spp.</i>

Kariyanna

Sutarjono²,

Ellanti

et al. 2020

AJMCR

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Background. The diagnosis of infective endocarditis is difficult, especially when it involves atypical organisms. Therefore, our study identified risk factors of infective endocarditis caused by rare pathogen, Gemella spp . Methods. A systematic review was conducted to investigate characteristics of endocarditis patients infected with Gemella spp. using the search term “ Gemella ” and “endocarditis.” Case reports were gathered by searching Medline/Pubmed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases. 83 articles were selected for review. Results. Five species of Gemella were identified. Typical patients were males between 31 and 45 years of age. On admission, patients had fever, tachycardia, and normal blood pressure. Common clinical manifestation other than fever included fatigue and weakness, chills and sweating, and nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and weight changes. One in four reported a history of congenital heart disease, and a recent oral cavity infection. Laboratory tests reveal anemia, leukocytosis, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation in all age groups, elevated C-reactive protein is observed among adult and geriatric populations only. Mitral and aortic valves were most commonly infected by Gemella spp. . The most common Gemella spp. -susceptible antibiotics were penicillin, vancomycin, cephalosporin, macrolide, and aminoglycosides. However, antibiotic resistance was observed against penicillin, aminoglycoside, and fluoroquinolone. Antibiotic course of at least six weeks resulted in superior clinical improvements than durations under six weeks. Finally, one in two patients underwent valve replacement or repair, with common complications affecting the cardiovascular, neurological, and renal systems. Finally, death occurred in 1 in 8 patients, half of which occurred post-surgical procedure, and the majority occurring equal to or greater than 1 week from admission. Conclusion. Our systematic review highlights the importance of considering rare pathogens, particularly in the presence of predisposing risk factors.

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Gemella morbillorum Endocarditis in a Child

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Cerebellar abscess by Gemella morbillorum in a patient with inter-atrial communication

Cerebellar abscess by Gemella morbillorum in a patient with inter-atrial communication

Heritability of Oral Microbial Species in Caries-Active and Caries-Free Twins

Risk Factors and Patient Profile of Infective Endocarditis due to <i>Gemella spp.</i>

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