Gender differences in artery wall biomechanical properties throughout life

Rossi, P.; Francès, Y.; Kingwell, Bronwyn A.; Ahimastos, Anna A.

doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e328344da5e

Cited by 125 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 135 publications

(140 reference statements)

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“…One study in a healthy population of children between the ages of 3 to 18 years, reported that PWV remained unchanged during childhood but started to increase in girls at 10.4 years and in boys at 12.1 year, 42 suggesting an influence of pubertal status rather than age. 45 Sex and pubertal status, through changes in vasoactive hormone concentrations, are critical factors known to influence arterial wall properties and function. 45,46 Although age and sex was often matched or controlled for in the 15 studies analyzed in this review, pubertal status was not, except for one study that assessed children at a Tanner stage ≥II.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…45 Sex and pubertal status, through changes in vasoactive hormone concentrations, are critical factors known to influence arterial wall properties and function. 45,46 Although age and sex was often matched or controlled for in the 15 studies analyzed in this review, pubertal status was not, except for one study that assessed children at a Tanner stage ≥II. 24 Furthermore, the time course of pathological adaptation (increased arterial stiffness) to obesity is not known, and it is unclear how age, sex, or pubertal status may interact with obesity and affect arterial stiffness in children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obesity and Arterial Stiffness in Children

Coté

Phillips

Harris

et al. 2015

ATVB

133

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Objective-Childhood obesity is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Arterial stiffness is considered one of the earliest detectable measures of vascular damage. There is controversy in the literature regarding the effects of childhood obesity on arterial stiffness. The objective of this study is to systematically review the literature and to conduct a meta-analysis comparing measures of central arterial stiffness in children and adolescents with obesity to healthy body mass index controls. Approach and Results-Literature searches were conducted using databases (eg, MEDLINE, EMBASE) and citations cross-referenced. Studies assessing central pulse wave velocity or β-stiffness index were included. A random effects meta-analysis of the standardized mean difference and 95% confidence intervals in arterial stiffness between children with obesity and control children was performed for each arterial stiffness measure. A total of 523 studies were identified. Fifteen case-control studies were included, with 2237 children/adolescents (1281 with obesity, 956 healthy body mass index controls) between 5 and 24 years of age. All studies measuring carotid and aortic β-stiffness index and 10/12 studies measuring central pulse wave velocity reported greater arterial stiffness in children/adolescents with obesity compared with controls. A random effects meta-analysis was performed revealing a significant effect of obesity on pulse wave velocity (standardized mean difference=0.718; 95% confidence interval=0.291-1.415), carotid β-stiffness index (0.862; 0.323-1.402), and aortic β stiffness index (1.017; 0.419-1.615). Conclusion-These findings indicate that child/adolescent obesity is associated with greater arterial stiffness. However, further research is needed to address confounders, such as pubertal status, that may affect this relationship in children. In the future, these techniques may be useful in risk stratification and guiding clinical management of obese children to optimize cardiovascular outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and Arterial Stiffness in Children

Coté

Phillips

Harris

et al. 2015

ATVB

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Most studies have not found any difference in age-related aortic stiffening between men and women (Heijden-Spek et al 2000; Smulyan et al 2001); however, other studies have suggested a pronounced age-related increase in aortic stiffness in women more than men, mainly during menopause (Waddell et al 2001;Vermeersch et al 2008). These discordant findings have been ascribed to an intrinsic difference in arterial properties between men and women, possibly influenced by sex steroids (Waddell et al 2001;Rossi et al 2011), which may be emphasized in the presence of high BP (Boutouyrie and Vermeersch 2010) or other CV risks such as obesity and diabetes (Rossi et al 2011). Our results were adjusted for the classic CV risk factors by a forward stepwise multiple regression analysis; however, gender remained correlated with PWV only in normotensive subjects with other risk factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age- and gender-specific reference values of pulse wave velocity for African adults: preliminary results

Magalhães

Capingana

Silva

et al. 2013

AGE

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Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular (CV) risk. Higher PWV values have been observed in Africans; however, there are no established age-and gender-adjusted reference values for this population. Therefore, PWV was measured using a validated device (Complior SP) in 544 subjects recruited from an occupational cohort of employees of a public university in Angola. Since high blood pressure (BP) is an important factor influencing PWV, a subsample of 301 normotensive subjects (aged 22-72 years) was selected for this study. A subset of 131 individuals without CV risk factors was considered the healthy group (HG), while the entire group (n = 301) comprised the less healthy group (LHG). Predictors of PWV were evaluated using multiple regression analyses and age-and gender-specific percentile tables and curves were constructed. Age and PWV means were 36±9.7 years and 6.6±1.0 m/s in the HG, respectively, and 39.9±10.2 years and 7.3± 1.3 m/s in the LHG. Age and plasma uric acid (UA) were the only significant PWV predictors in the HG, while age, mean BP (MBP), and gender showed significant prediction of PWV in the multiple regression analysis in the LHG. Age-and gender-adjusted reference values of PWV were provided for healthy and less healthy normotensive Africans. Considering the small sample size of our cohort, these preliminary results should be used cautiously until data on robust sample of the general population can be obtained.

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“…This finding might be due the taller subjects in CON, since AIx, but not aPWV decreases with increasing height [35]. Another explanation might be the higher percentage of females in the INT-group, since females display higher stiffness than males during the pre-pubertal years [36]. Similarly, a study by Lurbe et al [37] including children from 7 to 18 years reported a higher augmentation index in females compared to males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Daily Physical Activity Improves Vascular Function and Motor Skills in Children

Ketelhut¹,

Ketelhut²,

Ketelhut³

2017

JSS

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Abstract:The literature is consistent that regular physical activity in children has to be increased in order to compensate the negative health effects resulting from growing sedentary lifestyle. Thus, we analyzed in 45 students (aged 6.6 ± 0.7 years) the effects of a regular exercise intervention, on top of the normal physical education classes, on motor performance (MP) and hemodynamic parameters. The students were randomized either to an intervention (INT) (n = 23) or a control (CON) (n = 22) group. Throughout a 9 months period, INT received additional exercise interventions two days a week for 45 minutes. The main outcome measures were MP, peripheral and central blood pressure (BP), augmentation index (Alx) and aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV). After the exercise intervention, we found significant (P < 0.05) positive effects on various test items of MP and significant decreases in peripheral and central systolic BP in INT. In contrast, in CON the respective parameters increased in CON after the observation period. Moreover, aPWV decreased significantly in INT (P = 0.047) and increased in CON, thus resulting in a significant difference in the mean change (P = 0.043). There were no considerable changes in AIx in both groups. In conclusion, we demonstrated that an increase in regular physical activity has a positive influence on development of MP and hemodynamic parameters even in early childhood. The findings of this study suggest that an increase in exercise time should be initiated as early as possible to improve motor ability and prevent future cardiovascular risk.

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Gender differences in artery wall biomechanical properties throughout life

Cited by 125 publications

References 135 publications

Obesity and Arterial Stiffness in Children

Obesity and Arterial Stiffness in Children

Age- and gender-specific reference values of pulse wave velocity for African adults: preliminary results

Daily Physical Activity Improves Vascular Function and Motor Skills in Children

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