Gender Differences in Usage of Over-the-Counter Analgesics among Norwegian Adolescents

Lorentzen, Sindre; Lorentzen, Bente; Wikström, Britt‐Maj

doi:10.4236/ojn.2018.811065

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…[17] found in their study that gender is a strong predictor of OTC drug usage. Lorentzen, Lorentzen, and Wikstrom [27] agreed that females have a higher usage of OTC analgesics compared to males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Use of Over-The-Counter Drugs and Its Health Implications in Awka South LGA, Anambra State, Nigeria

Onyedinefu,

Osuagwu

2024

J.Math.Instr.Soc.Res.Opin.

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This work examined the use of over-the-counter drugs and its health implications in Awka South LGA of Anambra State, Nigeria. The objective of the study is to empirically interrogate the prevalence of over-the-counter drug use in Awka South LGA of Anambra State, Nigeria; the factors influencing it, and its health implications. The study used a mixed methods research approach, with 204 respondents selected through a multistage sampling procedure. The structured questionnaire and In-Depth Interview (IDI) guide acted as data-gathering tools. The quantitative data were coded and processed with SPSS version 20. Frequency tables were utilized to evaluate, characterize, and show the data, whereas quantitative data were manually transcribed and analyzed using content analysis. Two study hypotheses were developed and tested using chi-square inference statistics. This study revealed that various factors influence the use of OTC drugs in Awka South LGA. The study equally found that the use of OTC drugs is very prevalent in Awka South LGA. Moreover, the study also found that abusing OTC drugs has health implications. Based on these findings, this study recommended that the government should regulate the production, sale, and advertisement of OTC drugs. The study also recommended that sensitization and awareness programs should be carried out periodically to teach people when and when not to use OTC drugs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Use of Over-The-Counter Drugs and Its Health Implications in Awka South LGA, Anambra State, Nigeria

Onyedinefu,

Osuagwu

2024

J.Math.Instr.Soc.Res.Opin.

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“…81 As a part of his anti-corruption campaign, Xi Jinping has steadily gone after individuals within the PLA, beginning with then-Politburo member Xu Caihou in 2012. Data on military officials caught up in the campaign is less publicly available than civilian officials, which indicates the sensitivity of the matter 82 . However, as discussed in the previous section, high-ranking military officials were arrested from 2012 through the end of 2015, at which point Xi Jinping initiated a sweeping reorganization of the PLA command structure which on its face created a leaner, more modern command structure, but in effect meant that the PLA was put under more direct command of Xi himself.…”

Section: Jinpingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making It Personal? A Comparative Study of Institutional Constraints on Foreign Policy in Russia and China

Ivre

Lee

2020

CEJISS

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By treating militarism and personalism as institutional constraints on foreign policy, this article examines the role and influence of these constraints on the foreign policies of Russia and China. By looking at empirical evidence the authors argue that domestic institutional constraints in each country have exhibited distinctly different patterns throughout the last twenty years, and this can to some extent explain the difference in their respective foreign policies. However, institutional personalism in China has recently become more similar to that of Russia. The authors argue that current Russian foreign policy bears some elements of similarity suggesting future developments in Chinese foreign policy.

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“…Adolescents utilize a diverse range of medications and approaches to self-treat their pain starting from the age of eleven years (8). Studies show that more girls than boys report a frequent intake of OTCA (9,10) and even though most adolescents maintain a responsible attitude toward the utilization of OTCA, some exhibit a more careless approach (11). Parents' attitude towards pain management and OTCA in uences both adolescents' perception of pain and their use of OTCA (12).…”

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confidence: 99%

“Nevertheless, it is still painful”: Use of Over-the-Counter analgesics, pain, stress, and HRQOL in Norwegian adolescents: a cross sectional study.

Skarstein,

Helseth,

Cvancarova

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Approximately 20% of Norwegian adolescents are frequently using over-the-counter analgesics (OTCA). The WHO emphasizes the need for research to identify the key determinants of health problems in adolescence. Thus, our purpose is to study and describe pain, stress, and health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) in Norwegian adolescents and investigate possible associations between these two variables upon high/low usage of OTCA. Methods This cross-sectional study included 315 adolescents (92 boys, 223 girls) with an average age of 14.1 years (13–15 years). All participants reported using OTCA. Weekly usage was categorized as high and less than weekly as low. Using a validated questionnaire, we explored the following variables: pain, as measured using the Brief Pain Inventory, stress (Perceived Stress Questionnaire) and HRQOL (KIDSSCREEN-27). Binary logistic regression models were conducted using SPSS software. Results Our descriptive findings revealed that high users of OTCA reported higher pain intensity of 3.4 (SD = 1.9) and perceived stress of 0.38 (SD = 0.18) than low users (2.5 (SD = 1.9) and 0.32 (SD = 0.16) respectively. OTCA high users reported lower average scores than low users across all HRQOL subscales. Binary logistic regression revealed 30% higher odds for higher levels of pain intensity (95% CI [1.11 to 1.51]) and 14 times higher odds of perceived stress (95% CI [1.03 to 204.) associated with being a high user of OTCA compared to a low user. Conclusions This study shows significant higher odds for experiencing pain and stress among adolescents using OTCA daily-to-weekly, compared to those seldom using such medicines. Health professionals should be aware of young people who have a high consumption of OTCA and investigate whether the use is related to pain or stress. This might be important in designing a personalized and appropriate intervention. Parents and caregivers have an important responsibility in supporting adolescents appropriate pain management. More observational and longitudinal studies are needed to understand predicative factors for adolescents OTCA usage.

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Gender Differences in Usage of Over-the-Counter Analgesics among Norwegian Adolescents

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

The Use of Over-The-Counter Drugs and Its Health Implications in Awka South LGA, Anambra State, Nigeria

The Use of Over-The-Counter Drugs and Its Health Implications in Awka South LGA, Anambra State, Nigeria

Making It Personal? A Comparative Study of Institutional Constraints on Foreign Policy in Russia and China

“Nevertheless, it is still painful”: Use of Over-the-Counter analgesics, pain, stress, and HRQOL in Norwegian adolescents: a cross sectional study.

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