Gender‐related differences in the onset of panic disorder

Barzega, Giulio; Maina, Giuseppe; Venturello, S.; Bogetto, Filippo

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2001.00194.x

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, in our study, as it was purported to compare the males and females for Axis I and Axis II coexistence, it was observed that the number of persons in each group are equal. The fact that there was no significant difference in statistical sense in our study complies with the literature information noting that there is no difference between the genders for this purpose (11,20). It is seen from the Chart 1 that the education level of the females are significantly lower than that of males.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…It is seen from the Chart 1 that the education level of the females are significantly lower than that of males. The non compliance of such result of our study with the findings of the studies indicating that there were no differences between the genders from the point of the level of education (11,21), or that the females with PD had higher education level (20) can be explained with the fact that in our society, the education level of the females are lower in general.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

“…In our study, the separation anxiety story in females is found significantly higher than that of males. Such conclusion could be related with the correlation between the separation anxiety -dependent personality disorder, in line with the studies of Barzega et al (20) indicating that there are more separation anxiety story in females with PD, who have dependent personality disorder. Similarly, in our study, we found out that, although not in a statistical sense, the dependent personality disorders are higher in females than males.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…In our study, it is determined that depression, social phobia and specific phobia in females and alcohol abuse in males are significantly high in statistical sense. Beside the studies indicating that there is no difference between the genders from the point of major depression comorbidity in PD patients (12), there are also studies, such as Barzega et al study (20), indicating that depression in females with PD is observed more often than males (31,32). Pollack et al (33), found out that increased depression comorbidity in PD is coexistent with elevated phobic avoidance, personality disorder and anxiety sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our study, there is no difference between the genders from such point of view. In the literature, there are conflicting findings in this subject (11,12,20,22,23). This conflict may be because of the fact that the age of commencements was being determined retrospectively, or it may well be caused by the methodological facts such as some studies accepting the first PA as the age of commencement, and some accepting the age when criteria of the PD diagnosis scale are met.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Gender differences in terms of Axis I and Axis II comorbidity in patients with panic disorder

Delice¹,

Tabo²,

Alataş³

et al. 2015

Dusunen Adam

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Gender differences in terms of Axis I and Axis II comorbidity in patients with panic disorder Objectives: Comorbidity in psychiatric disorders significantly affects the clinical course, the severity of symptoms, and the response to the treatment. Panic disorder can cause considerable disability, reduction of interpersonal relationships, avoidance of certain social situations, and staying away from high-risk jobs and consequently lowering work performance causing loss of job. A number of studies have shown that panic disorder is observed more frequently in females, indicating a gender risk factor. This study investigated potential gender differences in the distribution of Axis I and Axis II comorbidity. Method: A total of 63 patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria and had been diagnosed with panic disorder according to DSM-IV participated in this study. 31 (49.2%) patients were female, and 32 (50.8%) were male. Panic disorder was diagnosed with SCID-I (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders). Sociodemographic data were collected using a form developed by the researchers, and the Panic Agoraphobia scale was applied in all cases. The existence of possible childhood separation anxiety was also investigated, and SCID-II was applied to identify Axis II personality disorders. Gender differences in demographic and clinical characteristics and in the comorbidity of Axis I and Axis II disorders were then investigated. Results: The reported prevalence of separation anxiety was considerably higher in the female than in the male patients. Depression, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobias were more common in the female patients, whereas alcohol abuse was more common among the male patients. There was no gender difference in Axis II comorbidity. Conclusions: This comparison of gender differences in Axis I and Axis II disorders that coexist with panic disorders indicated that comorbidities of depression, social and specific phobias, and alcohol abuse comorbidities are different among the genders. However, there appeared to be gender differences in Axis II comorbidities. Key words: Comorbidity, gender differences, panic disorder ÖZET Panik bozukluğu olan hastalarda Eksen I ve Eksen II eştanısı açısından cinsiyet farklılıkları Amaç: Eştanılı durumlar psikiyatrik hastalıkların klinik seyrini, belirti şiddetini ve tedavi cevabını önemli ölçüde etkilerler. Panik bozukluğu, önemli ölçüde yeti yitimine neden olabilen, kişilerarası ilişkilerde azalma, belirli sosyal durumlardan kaçınma, yüksek riskli işlerde çalışmaktan uzak durma, dolayısıyla çalışma performansında azalma ve işsiz kalma gibi ağır sonuçları olabilen bir hastalıktır. Diğer psikiyatrik bozukluklarla sıklıkla birlikte bulunabilmekte, bu durum da yeti yitimini artırmaktadır. Birçok çalışmada panik bozukluğunun kadınlarda sık görülen bir hastalık olduğu, kadın cinsiyetinin panik bozukluğu gelişmesinde önemli bir risk faktörü olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmada panik bozukluğuna eşlik eden Eksen I ve Eksen II eştanıları dağılımının...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Gender differences in terms of Axis I and Axis II comorbidity in patients with panic disorder

Delice¹,

Tabo²,

Alataş³

et al. 2015

Dusunen Adam

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Interpersonal Processes in the Anxiety Disorders

Alden

Regambal

2010

Handbook of Interpersonal Psychology

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Traditional theories on the anxiety disorders have focused on intrapersonal factors, such as cognitive, affective, behavioral, physiological, and genetic processes. Yet, those who treat and conduct research with anxious individuals know that interpersonal processes interact with anxiety symptoms. How can we begin to reconcile research and clinical experiences with current theoretical accounts? In this volume, editor J. Gayle Beck draws together, for the first time, the available knowledge about interpersonal factors in the anxiety disorders.The book begins with an overview of models and measures for conceptualizing and assessing interpersonal processes in the anxiety disorders. It then reviews the available literature on interpersonal processes pertaining to specific disorders, including childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders, social anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, panic disorder and agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and health anxiety. Throughout the book, clinical descriptions, etiological formulations, and information pertaining to comorbidity and treatment help to bridge the gap between clinical and research work. This groundbreaking book will appeal to everyone interested in anxiety disorders or interpersonal processes in psychopathology. 2010. 288 pages. Hardcover.

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Life events in panic disorder-an update on “candidate stressors”

et al. 2010

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Studies on gene-environment interactions in mental disorders are characterized by powerful genetic techniques and well defined "candidate genes," whereas a definition of "candidate stressors," in most cases assessed in the form of life events (LEs), is inconsistent or not even provided. This review addresses this problem, with particular attention to the clinical phenotype of panic disorder (PD), by providing an overview and critical discussion for which life events are known to contribute to the etiology of the disease and how they may be conceptualized. There is converging evidence for a significant impact of cumulative as well as specific life events, such as threat, interpersonal and health-related events in adulthood, and abuse or loss/separation experiences in childhood, respectively, on the pathogenesis of panic disorder with some overlapping effect across the anxiety disorder spectrum as well as on comorbid major depression. Besides genetic vulnerability factors, personality and behavioral characteristics, such as anxiety sensitivity, neuroticism, and cognitive appraisal might moderate the influence of LEs on the development of panic disorder. The present state of knowledge regarding the specification and conceptualization of LEs in PD within a more complex multifactorial model, involving mediating and moderating factors in between genes and the clinical phenotype, is hoped to aid in informing future gene-environment interaction studies in panic disorder.

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Gender‐related differences in the onset of panic disorder

Abstract: Premorbid clinical conditions of PD seem to differentiate between males and females in the role of precipitating events.

Cited by 20 publications

References 39 publications

Gender differences in terms of Axis I and Axis II comorbidity in patients with panic disorder

Gender differences in terms of Axis I and Axis II comorbidity in patients with panic disorder

Interpersonal Processes in the Anxiety Disorders

Life events in panic disorder-an update on “candidate stressors”

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