“…Females are a minority within surgery in the US, but with an increasing trajectory (Moulton, Seemann, & Webster, 2013;Nkenke, Seemann, Vairaktaris, Schaller, Rohde, Stelzle, & Knipfer, 2015;Valsangkar, Zimmers, Kim, Blanton, Joshi, Bell, & Koniaris, 2015; see also: Figueiredo, Rodrigues, Troncon, & Cianflone, 1997). Females have almost never been given awards by specialist surgery societies in the USA for orthopedic surgery, head and neck surgery, and plastic surgery (Silver, Slocum, Bank, Bhatnagar, Blauwet, Poorman, & Parangi, 2017).…”