Gene Association Studies in Tuberculosis: A Question of Case-Control Definitions?

Hussain, Rabia

doi:10.4172/2161-1068.1000e104

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The hilar lymph nodes (the lymph nodes adjacent to the heart in the central part of the chest) are often involved. Additionally, TB may also spread to other parts of the body [15]. The body's immune (defense) system is as strong as such it can fight off the infection and stop the bacteria from spreading [16].…”

Section: Immune Response Against Tbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Diabetes in prevalence of Tuberculosis

Siddiqui¹

2012

J Diabetes Metab

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Tuberculosis is a lethal disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The Mycobacterium initially infects lungs. If the infection spreads beyond the lungs, the symptoms will depend upon the individual organs. Diabetes is a type of metabolic disease in which a person has increased blood sugar level. It's because the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells inside the body do not respond to the insulin that is produced. Diabetics have a three to five time's higher risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) than those without diabetes disease. Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for tuberculosis and may affect disease treatment and also the response. Additionally tuberculosis may induce glucose intolerance and worsen the glycaemic control in people with diabetes. The main aim of this Review is to evaluate the epidemiology of diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis disease, the effect of diabetes mellitus on tuberculosis and vice versa.  When the immune system of a patient with dormant TB is weakened, the TB can become active (reactivate) and cause infection in lungs or any other parts of the body. The risk factors for acquiring TB include close-contact situations, alcohol, drug abuse and certain diseases (examples include diabetes, cancer, and HIV) and occupations (for example, health-care workers). The common signs and symptoms of TB include fatigue, fever, weight loss, coughing, and night sweats. The diagnosis of TB involves skin tests, chest X-rays, sputum analysis (smear and culture), and PCR tests to detect the genetic material of the causative bacteria or causative agent [12]. Inactive tuberculosis may be treated with an isoniazid (INH), antibiotic, in order to prevent the TB infection from becoming active. Active TB is usually treated, successfully, with INH in combination with one or more of several drugs, including rifampin (Rifadin), ethambutol (Myambutol), pyrazinamide, and streptomycin [13].

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Section: Immune Response Against Tbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Diabetes in prevalence of Tuberculosis

Siddiqui¹

2012

J Diabetes Metab

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“…Tuberculosis is a major global health problem, affecting one third of the world's population and leading to the death of more than two million people every year [1,2]. The causative agent of this devastating disease is Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis [3], discovered in 1882 by R. Koch [4].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%