Gene cloning and expression regulation in the pathway of agar and floridean starch synthesis of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

Hu, Yiyi; Du, Qingwei; Mi, Ping; Shang, Erlei; Sui, Zhenghong

doi:10.1007/s10811-018-1690-0

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Approximately 5 g of fresh thalli from the aforementioned treatments were used to assay the agar content. The agar content of G. lemaneiformis was determined, using the alkali treatment method [ 6 ]. According to the manufacturer’s instructions, the agar content was calculated as the following formula: Agar content (%) = dry weight of agar / dry weight of thalli × 100.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the process of agar biosynthesis, two galactoses of β-D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose are first synthesized by a series of enzymes [ 5 ]. Then, the liner backbone of agar is cross-linked, using these two galactoses through β-1,3- and α-1,4-glycosidic bonds by galactosyltransferases (GTs), respectively [ 3 , 6 ]. In red algae, many studies have proposed the relationship between agar content and the transcriptional expressions of its synthetic enzymes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification, Characteristics and Function of Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in the Agar Biosynthesis and Carbon Flux in the Agarophyte Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

Chen

Liu

et al. 2022

Marine Drugs

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Agar is widely applied across the food, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, owing to its various bioactive functions. To better understand the agar biosynthesis in commercial seaweed Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, the activities of four enzymes participating in the agar biosynthesis were detected, and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) was confirmed as highly correlated with agar accumulation. Three genes of PGM (GlPGM1, GlPGM2 and GlPGM3) were identified from the G. lemaneiformis genome. The subcellular localization analysis validated that GlPGM1 was located in the chloroplast and GlPGM3 was not significantly distributed in the organelles. Both the GlPGM1 and GlPGM3 protein levels showed a remarkable consistency with the agar variations, and GlPGM3 may participate in the carbon flux between (iso)floridoside, floridean starch and agar synthesis. After treatment with the PGM inhibitor, the agar and floridean starch contents and the activities of floridean starch synthase were significantly decreased; products identified in the Calvin cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were depressed; however, lipids, phenolic acids and the intermediate metabolites, fructose-1,6-phosphate were upregulated. These findings reveal the essential role of PGM in regulating the carbon flux between agar and other carbohydrates in G. lemaneiformis, providing a guide for the artificial regulation of agar accumulation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification, Characteristics and Function of Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in the Agar Biosynthesis and Carbon Flux in the Agarophyte Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

Chen

Liu

et al. 2022

Marine Drugs

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“…In Section 4 , Section 5 and Section 6 , tabulated lists of the remaining articles according to types of molecules on which these isomerases can catalyze their reactions are discussed. Isomerases acting on carbohydrate molecules ( Table 2 ) [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ] are listed in the first of three tables following with lipids ( Table 3 ) [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ] and amino acids and peptides ( Table 4 ) [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , ...…”

Section: Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Table 2 , the articles [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ] found on isomerases acting on carbohydrate pathways are briefly listed. As cited in the first entry about Pelvetia canaliculata in 1973 [ 9 ], the scientific interest was early generally present in literature since 1956 in investigations conducted on different organisms.…”

Section: Marine Isomerases Acting On Sugar Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application-Oriented Marine Isomerases in Biocatalysis

Trincone¹

2020

Marine Drugs

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The class EC 5.xx, a group of enzymes that interconvert optical, geometric, or positional isomers are interesting biocatalysts for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical intermediates. This class, named “isomerases,” can transform cheap biomolecules into expensive isomers with suitable stereochemistry useful in synthetic medicinal chemistry, and interesting cases of production of l-ribose, d-psicose, lactulose, and d-phenylalanine are known. However, in two published reports about potential biocatalysts of marine origin, isomerases are hardly mentioned. Therefore, it is of interest to deepen the knowledge of these biocatalysts from the marine environment with this specialized in-depth analysis conducted using a literature search without time limit constraints. In this review, the focus is dedicated mainly to example applications in biocatalysis that are not numerous confirming the general view previously reported. However, from this overall literature analysis, curiosity-driven scientific interest for marine isomerases seems to have been long-standing. However, the major fields in which application examples are framed are placed at the cutting edge of current biotechnological development. Since these enzymes can offer properties of industrial interest, this will act as a promoter for future studies of marine-originating isomerases in applied biocatalysis.

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“…In recent years, genetic studies on Gp. lemaneiformis have focused on genetic diversity analyses (Wang et al, 2007;Pang et al, 2010;Ding et al, 2012;Hu et al, 2018), functional gene studies (Liu et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2018;Hu et al, 2019), mutation research (Zhang and van der Meer, 2011;Fu et al, 2014), mitochondrial genome (Zhang et al, 2012), chloroplast genome (Du et al, 2016) and genomic studies (Zhou et al, 2013;Sun et al, 2018) Currently, Gp. Lemaneiformis is broadly cultivated in Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Shandong, and Liaoning Provinces, representing the second most cultivated seaweed in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterozygous Single Nucleotide Polymorphic Loci in Haploid Gametophytes of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

Sui

Zhou

et al. 2019

Front. Genet.

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Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis is an important commercial macroalga. Whole-genome resequencing was conducted to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in parental gametophytes and 60 F 1 gametophytes of Gp. lemaneiformis in this study, and 9,989 SNPs located in nonrepetitive sequences were obtained. Among these SNPs, 92.02% of loci were identified as having a heterozygous genotype in at least one gametophyte, and 48.07% of loci had identical heterozygous genotypes in the 62 gametophytes. For each gametophyte, the proportions of homozygous and heterozygous loci ranged between 13.74 and 21.61% (mean of 17.04%) and between 66.36 and 83.59% (mean of 77.12%), respectively. The remainder were missing loci, representing an average 5.84%. Sources of heterozygous SNPs were free of exogenous DNA contamination, cross contamination among individuals, plastid and mitochondrial sequences, chimeras of different thallus parts or different cells, and repetitive sequences. Genotypes of heterozygous SNPs were verified by Sanger sequencing of PCR products and monoclones. Duplications of chromosomal rearrangements in the genome of Gp. lemaneiformis might explain the presence of heterozygous SNPs in haploid gametophytes.

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Gene cloning and expression regulation in the pathway of agar and floridean starch synthesis of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Identification, Characteristics and Function of Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in the Agar Biosynthesis and Carbon Flux in the Agarophyte Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

Identification, Characteristics and Function of Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in the Agar Biosynthesis and Carbon Flux in the Agarophyte Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

Application-Oriented Marine Isomerases in Biocatalysis

Heterozygous Single Nucleotide Polymorphic Loci in Haploid Gametophytes of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

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