Gene exchange across a postglacial contact zone in Fraxinus excelsior L.

Abstract

Hybridization between divergent lineages of common ash Fraxinus excelsior L. was studied in Slovakia and adjacent regions of Hungary, the Czech Republic and Poland in the contact zone between two postglacial colonization routes originating from different glacial refugia. Thirty-eight common ash populations were studied using a combination of 6 maternally inherited chloroplast microsatellite markers and 7 biparentally inherited nuclear microsatellites (nSSR). Two predominant chloroplast lineages were identified, between which the boundary was very sharp. Populations containing a mixture of different haplotypes were found only in the immediate proximity of the boundary. Bayesian analysis of population structure based on nSSR loci revealed the existence of two clusters, which largely coincided with chloroplast lineages. Both haplotype frequencies and proportions of clusters identified by the Bayesian analysis exhibited a clinal transition over the hybrid zone, with cline widths of 36 km for chloroplast haplotype frequencies (reflecting gene flow by seeds) and 275 km for Bayesian clusters based on nSSR (reflecting gene flow by pollen and seeds). Chloroplast haplotype diversity increased along the boundary between lineages not only because of admixture, but also due to the presence of rare haplotypes. In contrast, diversity at nuclear loci did not exhibit any geographical trend.

Genetic analysis of European common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) populations affected by ash dieback

“…Several studies in ash exist using molecular markers on genetic structure (e.g. HÖLTKEN et al, 2003;MORAND et al, 2002;HEUERTZ et al, 2001HEUERTZ et al, , 2003HEUERTZ et al, , 2004aHEUERTZ et al, , 2004bHEUERTZ et al, , 2006HEBEL et al, 2006aHEBEL et al, , 2006bFERRAZZINI et al, 2007;BACLES and ENNOS, 2008;SUTHERLAND et al, 2010;GÖMÖRY et al, 2012), others studies are dealing with gene flow and hybridization (e.g. FERNÁNDEZ-MANJARRÉS et al, 2006;THOMASSET et al, 2013THOMASSET et al, , 2014GÉRARD et al, 2013).…”

“…Due to the lack of resistance related markers for ash, selectively neutral ones (nuclear and chloroplast microsatellites) were used in the present study, as for other similar studies in the past (e.g. HÖLTKEN et al, 2003;HEUERTZ et al, 2004aHEUERTZ et al, , 2004bHEBEL et al, 2006aHEBEL et al, , 2006bFERRAZZINI et al, 2007;BACLES and ENNOS, 2008;GÖMÖRY et al, 2012).…”