Gene expression analysis in response to combined salt and boron (B) stresses in a tolerant maize landrace

Abstract

To understand the molecular stress response in maize plants to high salt and boron (B) stress, we focused on the transcript accumulation of six stress-related genes in Lluteño maize, a sweet corn landrace from the Lluta valley (northern Chile). This landrace is tolerant to salt and B stress. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Seedlings of Lluteño maize and maize hybrid B73 were exposed to 150 mM NaCl and 20 ppm B in nutrient solution for 120 hrs, then root and leaf samples were collected and Na + and B content were determined. Transcript accumulation of three salt stress-related genes SOS1, NHX2 and HKT1 and three B stress-related genes BOR1, BOR2 and PIP1;2 were determined in roots and leaves of Lluteño maize using RT-PCR and real-time PCR at 3 and 96 h after treatment with 150 mM NaCl and/or 20 ppm B. The results indicated that combined salt and B stress caused changes in physiological parameters. The damage was more severe in B73 than in Lluteño maize, confirming that this landrace behaves as a plant tolerant to these stresses. Regulation of stress-related genes under combined stress was different under individual stresses. The ability of Lluteño maize to survive and thrive in soil with high salinity and B concentration is probably based on a decrease in membrane water permeability, preventing salt and B uptake from the roots through down-regulation of BOR1, BOR2 transporters and PIP1;2 aquaporin. The increased water transport is mediated by the upregulation of the PIP1;2 in leaves, allowing cellular water conservation, and the retrieval of Na + from xylem through up-regulation of HKT1;1 transporters in roots and leaves.

Combined Boron Toxicity and Salinity Stress—An Insight into Its Interaction in Plants

“…The up-regulation of the SOS 1 gene in roots and leaves under saline conditions has been reported in different plant species such as alfalfa [227], Medicago [228], wheat [229], and maize [230]. However, its expression did not change significantly under BorSal stress.…”

“…However, their activity increases in roots under salt and B stress alone, as they need to separate Na ions in the vacuole to protect the cytosol from toxicity [232]. This could again be due to the regulation of salt toxicity in plants on the application of high B concentration or may be due to the high basal expression level of NHX transporters for the combined stress condition [230].…”

“…BOR transporters with the function of expelling B out of root cells and symplast are remarkably down-regulated in maize under combined stress as compared to that under individual salt and B stress. The lesser B content in the shoot of tolerant cultivars with the down-regulation of BOR genes shows that their expression level controls the B uptake and, consequently, its movement into shoots [117,230].…”

Genome-wide characterization of the CPA gene family in potato and a preliminary functional analysis of its role in NaCl tolerance

“…In rice, OsNHX1-5 and OsNHX7 / OsSOS1 have been identified to enhance salt tolerance [ 28 , 29 ]. OsCHX14 played a role in the K + homeostasis process [ 30 ]. AtKEA1-AtKEA3 played crucial roles in chloroplast osmoregulation and pH homeostasis [ 18 ], while AtKEA2 regulated K + and pH in plastids [ 31 ].…”