Gene expression profiling reveals novel regulation by bisphenol-A in estrogen receptor-α-positive human cells

Convergent transcriptional profiles induced by endogenous estrogen and distinct xenoestrogens in breast cancer cells

“…Estrogen-responsive transcripts involved in growth stimulation, transcription and cell adhesion are listed in Tables III and IV. In agreement with former DNA microarray studies (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)31), the production of TFF1, TFF3 (trefoil factor 3), IGFBP4 (insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4), SDF1, STC2 (stanniocalcin 2), AREG, OLFM1 and OLFML3 (olfactomedin-like 3) was induced upon estrogen treatment. THBS1 (thrombospondin 1) is also upregulated in an estrogendependent manner in T47D cells.…”

“…Indeed, the gene expression changes that we observed in response to 17b-estradiol include a large number of transcripts that were previously known to be susceptible to estrogenic regulation, thus substantiating the validity of our transcriptomic analysis. In contrast to previous reports (27)(28)(29)31), we unexpectedly found that the transcriptional machineries of MCF7 and T47D breast cancer cells respond in a very monotonous manner to estrogenic stimuli. Presumably, the differential transcription profiles documented in previous studies arise from dosedependent variations in the magnitude of gene expression, rather than from distinct mechanisms of gene regulation.…”

“…Finally, a conformational change in the ER protein is required for activation or repression of responsive genes but it has been observed that 17b-estradiol and genistein induce distinct changes in the receptor fold (52), prompting the hypothesis that different ER agonists may exert distinct transactivation functions. In apparent agreement with this expectation, numerous studies reported that the transcriptional patterns induced by genistein or bisphenol-A in human breast cancer cells are only in part similar to the characteristic expression fingerprint of 17b-estradiol (27)(28)(29)31). Previous comparative analyses have been performed with highly saturating levels of estrogenic agents, reaching concentrations of up to 10 nM for 17b-estradiol and 100 1 mM for genistein.…”

“…Other reports concluded that there are significant differences between the transcriptional effects of 17b-estradiol and xenoestrogens in the uteri of immature mice (34) or in the reproductive tract of adult rats (35). Several studies came to the conclusion that there is only limited overlap between the expression patterns elicited by 17b-estradiol and xenoestrogens in human breast cancer cells (27)(28)(29)31). These contrasting results led us to undertake a large-scale comparative analysis of early gene expression changes in human MCF7 and T47D breast cancer cells treated with equipotent concentrations of 17b-estradiol, genistein, bisphenol-A and the polychlorinated biphenyl congener 54 (PCB54).…”

Bisphenol A in combination with TNF-α selectively induces Th2 cell-promoting dendritic cells in vitro with an estrogen-like activity

“…Genomic DNA was digested and removed using an RNase-Free DNase Kit (Qiagen). First strand cDNA was synthesized using oligo (dT) [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] primer (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and the Omniscript RT Kit (Qiagen). The synthesized cDNA was thermocycled for PCR amplification with 1 mM each primer and 1.5 U of Taq polymerase.…”