Gene induction studies and toxicity of chemical mixtures.

Abstract

As part of its mixtures program, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) supports in vitro and limited in vivo toxicity testing to further our understanding of the toxicity and health effects of chemical mixtures. There are increasing concerns that environmental chemicals adversely affect the health of humans and wildlife. These concerns have been augmented by the realization that exposure to chemicals often occurs to mixtures of these chemicals that may exhibit complex synergistic or antagonistic interactions. To address such concerns, we have conducted two studies with techniques that are being used increasingly in experimental toxicology. In the first study, six organochlorine pesticides (

The role of Chromium III in the organism and its possible use in diabetes and obesity treatment

“…It is assumed that estrogen may act through two signaling pathways: insulin receptordependent (IR) and the receptor for insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) -dependent [60]. It has been shown that Cr is a metal possessing estrogenic properties and it can stimulate transcription of genes in cells containing estrogen receptor [61,62]. Molecular mechanism of estrogen influence on insulin-stimulated processes is not fully recognized.…”

Assessing Human Variability in Kinetics for Exposures to Multiple Environmental Chemicals: A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling Case Study with Dichloromethane, Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, andm-Xylene

“…The possible consequences to human health of exposure to multiple chemicals have yielded a growing concern in the public and scientific community (Lampa et al, 2014;Boobis et al, 2011;Meek et al, 2011;Mumtaz et al, 2004Mumtaz et al, , 2007. This has prompted numerous investigators to undertake studies to evaluate the combined adverse consequences of exposure to chemical mixtures (Starr et al, 2012;Hendriksen et al, 2007;Pounds et al, 2004;Tang et al, 2003;Baynes et al, 2002;Mumtaz et al, 2002;Tully et al, 2000aTully et al, , 2000bSoni et al, 1999). However, relevant data allowing quantitative consideration of the impact of chemical interactions in the risk assessment 410 M. VALCKE AND S. HADDAD process for a given substance remain limited.…”

Modeling of gene expression pattern alteration by p,p′-DDE and dieldrin in largemouth bass

“…Our results suggest that the effects of both p,p 0 -DDE and dieldrin differ for each sex, as many genes are differentially affected in males and females. In support of this conclusion there are gene induction studies with both chemicals in HeLa Cells (Mumtaz et al, 2002) which show distinguishable patterns. Experiments with microarrays are in progress to more globally define pathways affected by these compounds.…”