Gene Pyramiding for Achieving Enhanced Resistance to Bacterial Blight, Blast, and Sheath Blight Diseases in Rice

Ramalingam, Jegadeesan; Raveendra, Chandavarapu; Palanisamy, S.; Vidya, Venugopal; Chaithra, Thammannagowda Lingapatna; Velprabakaran, S; Saraswathi, R.; Ramanathan, A.; Pillai, Madhavan Pillai Arumugam; Arumugachamy, S.; Vanniarajan, C.

doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.591457

Cited by 63 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…RPG recovery in the two crosses in the present study did not differ from several earlier wheat breeding programmes where MABB was used for introgression of genes/QTL for biotic and abiotic stresses in wheat (Yadav et al 2015;Mallick et al 2015;Vishwakarma et al 2016;Rai et al 2018;Randhawa et al 2019;Todkar et al 2020: Gautam et al 2020a). This con rmed the utility of MABB for effective introgression of genes/QTL into the agronomically superior genotypes associated with recovery of recurrent parent genome in a relatively short time as also reported earlier in wheat (Mallick et al 2015), rice (Divya et al 2015;Ellur et al 2016;Ramalingam et al 2020;Jamaloddin et al 2020), and maize (Sureshkumar et al 2014;Kaur R et al 2020).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Development of white-grain pre-harvest sprouting tolerant and pyramided protein-rich leaf rust resistant wheats using molecular breeding

Gautam¹,

Kumar²,

Agarwal³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The present study was undertaken for developing pre-harvest sprouting tolerant (PHST) wheat genotypes using marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB). A major QTL for PHST was introgressed into an elite Indian wheat cv. Lok1 that is PHS susceptible. These PHST lines were also pyramided with one gene each for high grain protein content (Gpc-B1) and leaf rust resistance (Lr24). For introgression of PHST QTL, initially Lok1 was separately crossed with each of the two donors (PHS tolerant white-grained AUS1408 and CN19055). Backcrossing in each generation was followed by foreground and background selections using SSR markers. In advanced lines, KASP assay was also carried out for the candidate gene TaMKK3-A underlying the PHST QTL. The MAS derived lines homozygous for PHST QTL were screened for PHS using simulated rain chambers resulting in the selection of 10 PHST lines. For pyramiding of three QTL/genes (PHST QTL, Gpc-B1, and Lr24), MABB derived BC4F2 plants (from the cross Lok1/CN19055) were crossed with a MAS derived BC2F5 line [Lok1 (Gpc-B1 + Lr24)] developed earlier by us in the same background of Lok1. After foreground MAS followed by PHS screening, four advanced lines carrying all the three QTL/genes in homozygous condition were selected. These lines exhibited high level of PHST (PHS score 2–3) associated with significant improvement in GPC with no yield penalty and resistance against leaf rust under artificial epiphytotic conditions.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Development of white-grain pre-harvest sprouting tolerant and pyramided protein-rich leaf rust resistant wheats using molecular breeding

Gautam¹,

Kumar²,

Agarwal³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…MAS is a well developed method to stack multiple genes, and pyramiding of Pi genes based on this technology has been used in both indica and japonica rice in various breeding programs (Fukuoka et al 2015 ; Orasen et al 2020 ; Xiao et al 2020 ). Combination of Pi genes even with other R genes to bacterial blight, and sheath blight has been achieved in resistance to multiple diseases (Ramalingam et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Evaluation of Transgenic Rice Pyramided with the Pi Genes Pib, Pi25 and Pi54

Xiang

et al. 2021

Rice

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Background Emergence of new pathogen strains of Magnaporthe oryzae is a major reason for recurrent failure of the resistance mediated by a single resistance gene (Pi) in rice. Stacking various Pi genes in the genome through marker-assisted selection is thus an effective strategy in rice breeding for achieving durable resistance against the pathogen. However, the effect of pyramiding of multiple Pi genes using transgenesis still remains largely unknown. Results Three Pi genes Pib, Pi25 and Pi54 were transferred together into two rice varieties, the indica variety Kasalath and the japonica variety Zhenghan 10. Transgenic plants of both Kasalath and Zhenghan 10 expressing the Pi transgenes showed imparted pathogen resistance. All the transgenic lines of both cultivars also exhibited shorter growth periods with flowering 2–4 days early, and shorter plant heights with smaller panicle. Thus, pyramiding of the Pi genes resulted in reduced grain yields in both rice cultivars. However, tiller numbers and grain weight were generally similar between the pyramided lines and corresponding parents. A global analysis of gene expression by RNA-Seq suggested that both enhancement and, to a lesser extent, inhibition of gene transcription occurred in the pyramided plants. A total of 264 and 544 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in Kasalath and Zhenghan 10, respectively. Analysis of the DEGs suggested that presence of the Pi transgenes did not alter gene expression only related to disease resistance, but also impacted many gene transcriptions in the pathways for plant growth and development, in which several were common for both Kasalath and Zhenghan 10. Conclusion Pyramiding of the Pi genes Pib, Pi25 and Pi54 via transgenesis is a potentially promising approach for improving rice resistance to the pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. However, pleiotropic effects of the Pi genes could potentially result in yield loss. These findings support the idea that immunity is often associated with yield penalties. Rational combination of the Pi genes based on the genetic background may be important to balance yield and disease resistance.

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“…Marker-assisted gene pyramiding of resistance QTLs have been successfully applied in several crops consequently producing a number of varieties and lines with improved resistances against biotic stresses, such as late blight, bacterial blight, gall midge, mosaic viruses, powdery mildew and many abiotic stresses, such as salinity, drought, heat, and cold with a higher yield and desired nutritional quality (reviewed by Dormatey et al, 2020 ). Especially, the multi-loci polymerization resistance breeding is a success story in rice where plant scientists successfully utilized this technique to accomplish durable resistance against various diseases such as gall midge ( Das and Rao, 2015 ), blast ( Jamaloddin et al, 2020 ), brown planthopper ( Liu et al, 2016 ), bacterial blight ( Singh et al, 2001 ; Joseph et al, 2004 ; Jamaloddin et al, 2020 ; Ramalingam et al, 2020 ), sheath blight ( Ramalingam et al, 2020 ), blast and bacterial blight ( Narayanan et al, 2002 ), bacterial, sheath blight and stem borer ( Datta et al, 2002 ) etc. Wu et al (2019) identified 37 SNP polymerization regions for 36 agronomic traits in 287 pepper accessions which could be the focus of molecular marker development to improve the efficiency of multi-trait pyramid breeding.…”

Section: Downy Mildewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Breeding Strategy and Challenges Towards Improvement of Downy Mildew Resistance in Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.)

et al. 2021

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Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) is one of the important, nutritious and healthy vegetable crops grown and consumed worldwide. But its production is constrained by several destructive fungal diseases and most importantly, downy mildew leading to severe yield and quality losses. For sustainable cauliflower production, developing resistant varieties/hybrids with durable resistance against broad-spectrum of pathogens is the best strategy for a long term and reliable solution. Identification of novel resistant resources, knowledge of the genetics of resistance, mapping and cloning of resistance QTLs and identification of candidate genes would facilitate molecular breeding for disease resistance in cauliflower. Advent of next-generation sequencing technologies (NGS) and publishing of draft genome sequence of cauliflower has opened the flood gate for new possibilities to develop enormous amount of genomic resources leading to mapping and cloning of resistance QTLs. In cauliflower, several molecular breeding approaches such as QTL mapping, marker-assisted backcrossing, gene pyramiding have been carried out to develop new resistant cultivars. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) would be beneficial in improving the precision in the selection of improved cultivars against multiple pathogens. This comprehensive review emphasizes the fascinating recent advances made in the application of molecular breeding approach for resistance against an important pathogen; Downy Mildew (Hyaloperonospora parasitica) affecting cauliflower and Brassica oleracea crops and highlights the QTLs identified imparting resistance against this pathogen. We have also emphasized the critical research areas as future perspectives to bridge the gap between availability of genomic resources and its utility in identifying resistance genes/QTLs to breed downy mildew resistant cultivars. Additionally, we have also discussed the challenges and the way forward to realize the full potential of molecular breeding for downy mildew resistance by integrating marker technology with conventional breeding in the post-genomics era. All this information will undoubtedly provide new insights to the researchers in formulating future breeding strategies in cauliflower to develop durable resistant cultivars against the major pathogens in general and downy mildew in particular.

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Gene Pyramiding for Achieving Enhanced Resistance to Bacterial Blight, Blast, and Sheath Blight Diseases in Rice

Cited by 63 publications

References 38 publications

Development of white-grain pre-harvest sprouting tolerant and pyramided protein-rich leaf rust resistant wheats using molecular breeding

Development of white-grain pre-harvest sprouting tolerant and pyramided protein-rich leaf rust resistant wheats using molecular breeding

Characterization and Evaluation of Transgenic Rice Pyramided with the Pi Genes Pib, Pi25 and Pi54

Molecular Breeding Strategy and Challenges Towards Improvement of Downy Mildew Resistance in Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.)

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