Gene Technology and Gene Ecology of Infectious Diseases

Ho, Mae‐Wan; Traavik, Terje; Olsvik, Ørjan; Tappeser, Beatrix; Howard, Claire; Weizsäcker, Christine von; McGavin, George C.

doi:10.3402/mehd.v10i1.7823

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…De esta manera, la ingeniería genética ha hecho extensivo el uso de estos genes resistentes a antibió-ticos como marcadores seleccionables al incrementar la propagación de genes (35). Dada la titánica lucha que ha librado la medicina clínica, la epidemiología y la salud pública contra las enfermedades infecciosas emergentes y reemergentes, la presencia de genes de resistencia a antibióticos en las plantas transgénicas es un enorme y potencial problema de salud pública.…”

Section: Alimentos Transgénicos Y Salud Humanaunclassified

Organismos genéticamente modificados, seguridad alimentaria y salud: trascendiendo la epidemiología y la salud pública

Gómez¹

2016

Rev. Sal. Bosq

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ResumenEn las últimas décadas, los cambios en la agricultura y las innovaciones en biotecnología han modificado el panorama de la alimentación del planeta. Desde la década de los cincuenta, la revolución verde ha tenido un impacto dramático a nivel planetario y hoy en día temas como el desarrollo sostenible hacen parte de la agenda política mundial. Los Organismos Genéticamente Modificados han revolucionado la agroindustria y la biotecnología, y en la actualidad los cultivos de este tipo han crecido a un ritmo vertiginoso en varios países. Sin embargo, las promesas de erradicación del hambre y la inocuidad de estas nuevas bondades tecnológicas han creado profunda desconfianza y prevención tanto en la comunidad cientí-fica como en el público en general. Muchos abogan por el principio de precaución apelando a la incertidumbre científica dada la escasa evidencia de estudios epide- AbstractIn recent decades, changes in agriculture and biotechnology innovations have changed the landscape of food on the planet. From the fifties the green revolution has had a dramatic impact on a global level and today issues such as sustainable development are part of the global political agenda. Genetically Modified Organisms have revolutionized the agribusiness and biotechnology, and today these crops have grown at a rapid pace especially in countries like the US, Brazil and Argentina. However, the promises of eradicating hunger and progress of these new technological advantages have created some distrust and prevention both the scientific community and the general community. Many advocate the precautionary principle given by appealing to the limited evidence from epidemiological studies that evaluate long-term effects while scientific uncertainty, increasing debate on a complex

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Section: Alimentos Transgénicos Y Salud Humanaunclassified

Organismos genéticamente modificados, seguridad alimentaria y salud: trascendiendo la epidemiología y la salud pública

Gómez¹

2016

Rev. Sal. Bosq

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“…Since the 1990s, some of us have raised the possibility of unintended secondary horizontal gene transfer from GMOs released into the environment with detailed reviews and reports, many of which were sent to our regulators (see for example [67][68][69][70]). At first the regulators and GM proponents denied that horizontal gene transfer could happen at all, or the probability is so tiny as to be practically zero [5].…”

Section: Transgene Instability and The Illegality Of Gmosmentioning

confidence: 99%

The New Genetics and Natural versus Artificial Genetic Modification

Ho¹

2013

Entropy

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Abstract:The original rationale and impetus for artificial genetic modification was the "central dogma" of molecular biology that assumed DNA carries all the instructions for making an organism, which are transmitted via RNA to protein to biological function in linear causal chains. This is contrary to the reality of the "fluid genome" that has emerged since the mid-1970s. In order to survive, the organism needs to engage in natural genetic modification in real time, an exquisitely precise molecular dance of life with RNA and DNA responding to and participating in "downstream" biological functions. Artificial genetic modification, in contrast, is crude, imprecise, and interferes with the natural process. It drives natural systems towards maximum biosemiotic entropy as the perturbations are propagated and amplified through the complex cascades of interactions between subsystems that are essential for health and longevity.

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“…Antibiotic resistance in bacteria can be determined both by chromosome genes and by extrachromosome genetic elements (R-plasmids) (Gomes-Lus 1998, Ho et al 1998). The acquisition of antibiotic resistance is realized as an active process only under the conditions selective for such genes (Chandrasekaran et al 1998, Guardabassi et al 1998, Goni-Urriza et al 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacteria are often used to monitor the state of the environment (Jacobs et al 1995, Schwedt et al 1997, Backhaus & Grimme 1999, as their evolution rate is very high, and under the effect of environmental factors they can acquire various specific features, and thus, serve as good indicators for the presence of pollutants. One of the properties of bacteria used to assess the anthropogenic load is their antibiotic resistance (Hagedorn et al 1999, Goni-Urriza et al 2000, Mary et al 2000, McArthur & Tuckfield 2000.Antibiotic resistance in bacteria can be determined both by chromosome genes and by extrachromosome genetic elements (R-plasmids) (Gomes-Lus 1998, Ho et al 1998. The acquisition of antibiotic resistance is realized as an active process only under the conditions selective for such genes (Chandrasekaran et al 1998, Guardabassi et al 1998, Goni-Urriza et al 2000.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic resistance of heterotrophic bacteria in Shira lake: natural and anthropogenic impacts

Lobova¹,

Barkhatov²,

Popova³

2002

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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Studies were conducted to investigate the antibiotic resistance of freshwater, halophile and moderate halotolerant bacteria isolated from the nearshore part of Shira lake, which is affected by the activity of a health resort, and from the central part of the lake in the summer (June to August) of 1999. It has been shown that the allochthonous microflora, which is brought into the lake with the resort effluent in mid-summer, is the anthropogenic factor contributing to an increase in the number of freshwater bacteria that feature multiple antibiotic resistance in the central part of the lake. It has been found that resistance to ampicillin of freshwater and halophile heterotrophic bacteria is related to the increase in the biomass of blue-green and green algae in the central part of Shira lake between mid-July and the end of August. A mathematical model has been constructed to describe the dynamics of the antibiotic resistance of heterotrophic bacteria in the close-to-resort and the central parts of Shira lake under natural and anthropogenic impacts.KEY WORDS: Heterotrophic bacteria · Halotolerance · Antibiotic resistance · Anthropogenic load · Brackish lake · Mathematical modeling Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherAquat Microb Ecol 30: [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] 2002 upstream (Parnachev 1997). The result of all these processes may be a disturbance of the natural biodiversity of Shira lake.There are various ways to estimate the anthropogenic load on an ecosystem, including chemical analysis, bioindication, bioassays, etc. (Doust et al. 1994, Ostroumov 2000, Lindstron-Seppa et al. 2001, Samecka-Cymerman & Kempers 2001. Bacteria are often used to monitor the state of the environment (Jacobs et al. 1995, Schwedt et al. 1997, Backhaus & Grimme 1999, as their evolution rate is very high, and under the effect of environmental factors they can acquire various specific features, and thus, serve as good indicators for the presence of pollutants. One of the properties of bacteria used to assess the anthropogenic load is their antibiotic resistance (Hagedorn et al. 1999, Goni-Urriza et al. 2000, Mary et al. 2000, McArthur & Tuckfield 2000.Antibiotic resistance in bacteria can be determined both by chromosome genes and by extrachromosome genetic elements (R-plasmids) (Gomes-Lus 1998, Ho et al. 1998. The acquisition of antibiotic resistance is realized as an active process only under the conditions selective for such genes (Chandrasekaran et al. 1998, Guardabassi et al. 1998, Goni-Urriza et al. 2000. Thus, if antibiotic resistance is recorded in a great number of heterotrophic bacteria, a drastic change in the environmental conditions due to direct or indirect impact of non-natural factors may be assumed.The aim of this work is to investigate the dynamics of antibiotic resistance of heterotrophic bacteria varying in halotolerance in the central and the close-to-resort parts of Shira lake. In addition, we determine the relationship between antibiotic resistance of ...

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Gene Technology and Gene Ecology of Infectious Diseases

Cited by 20 publications

References 107 publications

Organismos genéticamente modificados, seguridad alimentaria y salud: trascendiendo la epidemiología y la salud pública

Organismos genéticamente modificados, seguridad alimentaria y salud: trascendiendo la epidemiología y la salud pública

The New Genetics and Natural versus Artificial Genetic Modification

Antibiotic resistance of heterotrophic bacteria in Shira lake: natural and anthropogenic impacts

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