General application of blade coating to small-molecule hosts for organic light-emitting diode

Chang, Hsien‐Ming; Lee, Yi Ting; Tseng, Mei-Rurng; Jang, Meng Hao; Yeh, Han; Luo, Fang; Meng, Hsin Fei; Chen, Chin‐Ti; Chi, Yun; Qiu, Yong; Duan, Lian; Lin, Huey-Wen; Horng, Sheng Fu; Zan, Hsiao Wen

doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2014.07.003

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Solution processing allows both the usability of small molecules as well as polymers and the manufacturing of large area devices using continuous roll-to-roll (R2R) processes [2,3]. Spin coating is a commonly used lab scale technique for the deposition of organic electronic materials from solution because it offers easy handling and because different formulations can be investigated quickly [4][5][6]. Of large interest are application techniques with low material loss, which provide the possibility of large-area films and continuous operation [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Printed Multilayer OLED Fabrication through Slot Die Coating, Gravure and Inkjet Printing, and Their Combination

Merklein

Daume

Braig

et al. 2019

Colloids and Interfaces

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In this study, multilayer organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) consisting of three solution-processed layers are fabricated using slot die coating, gravure printing, and inkjet printing, techniques that are commonly used in the industry. Different technique combinations are investigated to successively deposit a hole injection layer (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)), a cross-linkable hole transport layer (N,N′-bis(4-(6-((3-ethyloxetan-3-yl)methoxy)-hexyloxy)phenyl)-N,N′-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)biphenyl-4,4′-diamin (QUPD)), and a green emissive layer (TSG-M) on top of each other. In order to compare the application techniques, the ink formulations have to be adapted to the respective process requirements. First, the influence of the application technique on the layer homogeneity of the different materials is investigated. Large area thickness measurements of the layers based on imaging color reflectometry (ICR) are used to compare the application techniques regarding the layer homogeneity and reproducible film thickness. The total stack thickness of all solution-processed layers of 32 OLEDs could be reproduced homogeneously in a process window of 30 nm for the technique combination of slot die coating and inkjet printing. The best efficiency of 13.3 cd A−1 is reached for a process combination of slot die coating and gravure printing. In order to enable a statistically significant evaluation, in total, 96 OLEDs were analyzed and the corresponding 288 layers were measured successively to determine the influence of layer homogeneity on device performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Printed Multilayer OLED Fabrication through Slot Die Coating, Gravure and Inkjet Printing, and Their Combination

Merklein

Daume

Braig

et al. 2019

Colloids and Interfaces

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“…Doctor bladed devices are compared with spin-coated or evaporated ones elsewhere. 8,9 The challenge in solution processing is to prohibit the intermixing of the functional layers. Sharp and defined interfaces are required for the high efficiency of the device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of blade and slot die coated small molecule multilayers for OLED applications studied theoretically and by XPS depth profiling

et al. 2016

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Slot die coaters especially designed for low material consumption and doctor blades were used to process small molecule solutions for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Optimum process parameters were developed for the large-scale coating techniques to generate stable single and multiple layers only a few nanometers thick. Achieving a multilayer architecture for solution-processed OLEDs is the most challenging step. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy sputter depth profiling was performed to determine defined interfaces between coated organic layers. Commercially available small molecules NPB (N,N’-Di(1-naphthyl)-N,N’-diphenyl-(1,1’-biphenyl)-4,4’-diamine) and BAlq (Bis(8-hdroxy-2methylquinoline)-(4-phenylphenoxy)aluminum), originally developed for vacuum deposition, were used as hole, respectively electron transport material. Defined double-layers were processed with both scalable coating methods using the orthogonal solvent approach. The use of non-orthogonal solvents resulted in complete intermixing of the material. The results are explained by calculations of solubilities and simulating drying and diffusion kinetics of the small molecule solutions.

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“…Accordingly, for more desirable production or fabrication process, there have been a number of solution-processable small molecular host materials for blue phosphorescence organic light-emitting diodes in recent years [8,9,10,11,12,13,14]. We and others have developed and demonstrated bis(3,5-di(9 H -carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)diphenylsilane ( SimCP2 in Scheme 1) as one of high-performance solution-processable small molecular host materials for yellow, green, and blue phosphorescence OLEDs [15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22]. More recently, SimCP2 hosted FIrpic OLEDs were reported as having EL efficiency reaching ~11%, ~11 lm/W, or 23 cd/A [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SimCP3—An Advanced Homologue of SimCP2 as a Solution-Processed Small Molecular Host Material for Blue Phosphorescence Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Lee

Chang

et al. 2016

Molecules

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Abstract:We have overcome the synthetic difficulty of 9,9 ,9 ,9 ,9 ,9 -((phenylsilanetriyl) tris(benzene-5,3,1-triyl))hexakis(9H-carbazole) (SimCP3) an advanced homologue of previously known SimCP2 as a solution-processed, high triplet gap energy host material for a blue phosphorescence dopant. A series of organic light-emitting diodes based on blue phosphorescence dopant iridium (III) bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridinato)picolate, FIrpic, were fabricated and tested to demonstrate the validity of solution-processed SimCP3 in the device fabrication.

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General application of blade coating to small-molecule hosts for organic light-emitting diode

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

Comparative Study of Printed Multilayer OLED Fabrication through Slot Die Coating, Gravure and Inkjet Printing, and Their Combination

Comparative Study of Printed Multilayer OLED Fabrication through Slot Die Coating, Gravure and Inkjet Printing, and Their Combination

Formation of blade and slot die coated small molecule multilayers for OLED applications studied theoretically and by XPS depth profiling

SimCP3—An Advanced Homologue of SimCP2 as a Solution-Processed Small Molecular Host Material for Blue Phosphorescence Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

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