General circulation model assessment of direct radiative forcing by the sulfate‐nitrate‐ammonium‐water inorganic aerosol system

Abstract

Abstract. An on-line simulation of aerosol sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and water in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model (GCM II-prime) has been used to estimate direct aerosol radiative forcing for the years 1800, 2000, and 2100. This is the first direct forcing estimate based on the equilibrium water content of a changing $O42--NO3 -- is almost 35% greater than that derived from correcting a low relative humidity scattering coefficient with an empiricalf(RH) factor. The discrepancy stems from the failure of the empirical parameterization to adequately account for water uptake above about 90% relative humidity. These results suggest that water uptake above 90% RH may make a substantial contribution to average direct forcing, although subgrid-scale variability makes it difficult to represent humid areas in a GCM.

Effect of Surface Tension from MD Simulations on Size-Dependent Deliquescence of NaCl Nanoparticles

“…The hygroscopic growth of these particles has important consequences for climate, by forming haze and clouds and affecting atmospheric radiative transfer (Adams et al 2001). Nanoparticles also play a significant role in atmospheric chemistry (Finlayson-Pitts and Hemminger 2000;Hoffmann et al 2003;Martin 2000;Vaknin et al 2004) by forming solid-vapor and solution-vapor interfaces that serve as sites for surface or aqueous phase reactions.…”

Validation of the CrIS fast physical NH<sub>3</sub> retrieval with ground-based FTIR

“…PM 2.5 has been associated with various health impacts (Pope III et al, 2002. At the same time, atmospheric aerosols impact global climate directly through their radiative forcing effect and indirectly through the formation of clouds (Adams et al, 2001;Myhre et al, 2013). By fertilizing ecosystems, deposition of NH 3 and other reactive nitrogen compounds also plays a key role in the sequestration of carbon dioxide (Oren et al, 2001).…”

Open-path, quantum cascade-laser-based sensor for high-resolution atmospheric ammonia measurements

“…Gas-phase NH 3 measurements are crucial for understanding aerosol nucleation and new particle formation (Ball et al, 1999;Hanson and Eisele, 2002;McMurry et al, 2005;Benson et al, 2011), which facilitate long-range transport of aerosol ammonium and nitrate (Nowak et al, 2007;Pinder et al, 2008). Ammoniated sulfate aerosols also play an important role in cirrus cloud nucleation (Tabazadeh and Toon, 1998;Wang et al, 2008), and aerosol-cloud interactions have significant yet highly uncertain radiative effects on climate (Adams et al, 2001;Martin et al, 2004;Solomon et al, 2007).…”