General dentists’ readiness and barriers in intimate partner violence screening: a cross-sectional study in Jeddah City

Abstract

Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) has varying prevalence rates and risk factors based on cultural, social, and economic backgrounds. However, it is common for IPV victims to be seen in dental settings on a regular basis. Identifying IPV victims in dental settings might help address this overlooked global dilemma. This study was conducted to evaluate general dentists’ readiness and potential barriers to performing IPV screening in a dental setting. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Domestic Violence Healthcare Providers Survey (DVHPS). This validated and structured questionnaire was adopted, modified, and self-administered to evaluate general dentists’ readiness and barriers to IPV screening. General dentists were recruited for the study population from 5 administrative territorial regions in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire consists of 7 domains that assess general dentists’ readiness and barriers to performing IPV screening for all dental patients. Results Out of the 273 dentists approached, a total of 200 participated in the study, with a total response rate of 73.3%. The percentages of female and male dentists were 54% and 46%, respectively. Almost 73% of the study population believed they could identify IPV in a dental setting. The multiple linear regression model indicated a substantial decrease in general dentists’ readiness to perform IPV screening due to fear of offending patients, an increased number of patients treated per day, and professional role resistance. Conclusion The current study suggests the high readiness of general dentists to perform IPV screening for all patients. However, prominent barriers to implementing IPV screening for all patients include fear of offending patients, an increased number of patients treated per day, and professional role resistance. Postgraduate continuous education is encouraged to re-enforce the importance of IPV screening in dental settings.

The role of dental professionals in identifying, reporting, and supporting domestic violence victims

“…By closely examining the head and neck region as well as the oral cavity during routine examinations, dentists and dental hygienists can skillfully identify and document various physical indicators of domestic violence (Figure 1). 5,15,18 Additionally, the behavior exhibited by patients during dental clinic visits can offer valuable insights regarding potential domestic violence as well. Despite the presence of these numerous behavioral symptoms (Figure 2), [19][20][21] these subtle yet significant indicators can be undermined in the context of domestic violence as attention is primarily directed toward physical indicators when identifying domestic violence victimization.…”

“…They encompass instances of dental neglect, noncompliance with dental appointments due to restrictions imposed by the perpetrator, unnecessary attendance of partners during appointments, and patients' hesitancy to communicate in the presence of their partner. 5,18 Combined with the patient's demeanor, these nonverbal cues may contribute to a comprehensive assessment and provide an opportunity for further inquiry, intervention, and support. By staying vigilant and sensitive to these signs, dental professionals can provide a safe and supportive environment for patients, offering them the opportunity to disclose their experiences and receive the help they need.…”

“…By closely examining the head and neck region as well as the oral cavity during routine examinations, dentists and dental hygienists can skillfully identify and document various physical indicators of domestic violence (Figure 1). 5,15,18 …”

“…Despite the presence of these numerous behavioral symptoms (Figure 2), 19–21 these subtle yet significant indicators can be undermined in the context of domestic violence as attention is primarily directed toward physical indicators when identifying domestic violence victimization. They encompass instances of dental neglect, noncompliance with dental appointments due to restrictions imposed by the perpetrator, unnecessary attendance of partners during appointments, and patients' hesitancy to communicate in the presence of their partner 5,18 . Combined with the patient's demeanor, these nonverbal cues may contribute to a comprehensive assessment and provide an opportunity for further inquiry, intervention, and support.…”

Barriers to routine screening for intimate partner violence during pregnancy in Nigeria

“…Midwives are in a unique position to screen pregnant women for IPV because of the frequent contacts they have during pregnancy in antenatal and post-natal visits [ 5 , 6 ]. Pregnant women may therefore be inclined to trust midwives and disclose IPV to them in order to get appropriate support and help [ 5 ]. Midwives will need to establish rapport to achieve this.…”