General Manifestations and Differences Between Vertigo in Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo and in Vertebrobasilar Infarctions

Abstract

Dizziness is one of the most common causes of treatment for many patients. Such highly common but unspecified complaint can describe various variable feelings, making it difficult to differentiate this complaint.Dizziness is the third most common medical symptom and it is often necessary to differentiate from a variety of diseases what exactly might be the cause. We will look at two causes of dizziness. They are benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and infarction of the lateral part of the medulla oblongata.Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is a common cause of visits to a doctor, accounting for 20% to more than half of all visits with dizziness [1].People who have had an ischemic stroke may also complain of dizziness. One of the main syndromes that manifest dizziness is Wallenberg's syndrome (the lateral part of the medulla oblongata infarction after occlusion). Wallenberg syndrome is characterized by ischemic stroke in anamnesis, and stroke in the posterior parts of the cerebral circulation accounts for up to 20% of all ischemic strokes [1,2,3,4].There is a classification of dizziness differences, which is divided into peripheral and central. Thus, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is classified as peripheral vertigo, while lateral medullary syndrome is central [5,6].Let us pay attention to the pathogenesis of these diseases. Wallenerberg's syndrome occurs as a result of infarction in several possible areas, the main site of catastrophe that will lead to this condition (from 67% to 80%) is the vertebral artery, which gives rise to the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. While the occlusion of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery is significantly lower than with the vertebral. The vertebrobasliar system has a high risk of being affected by atherosclerosis and, as a result, the main cause that leads to occlusion is atherothrombosis. Also, it is worth mentioning that one of the main causes of Wallenberg syndrome is cardiogenic embolism [3,4,7].When talking about BPPV, it should be remembered that 50% to 70% of BPPV cases occur without a known cause and are called primary or idiopathic BPPV. There are several theories to explain this condition. One of the main theories for the occurrence of BPPV is the displacement of otoliths. The first theory suggests that as