General N-State Markov Model for Rain Attenuation Time Series Generation

Abstract

Nowadays and mainly in the near future the wireless point-to-point or pointto-multipoint connections are operating in high frequency. These systems are applied in feeder network for future cellular mobile communication systems or BFWA (Broadband Fixed Wireless Access) networks. Besides the obvious benefits of the applied high carrier frequency there is a significant disadvantage, the considerable attenuation caused by precipitation, especially by rain. For accurate planning of the proposed microwave links the statistics of the expectable rain attenuation is highly important. Applying our previous research results the this work provides a general N-state Markov Chain model to generate rain attenuation time series on a proposed microwave link according to the link parameters. The first and second order rain attenuation statistics of the generated time series can be derived directly from the Markov model parameters, so the N-state Markov model can be applied for prediction of rain attenuation on the proposed link even in the early planning phase. With our proposed model very accurate realisation of the physical fade process can be achieved.

Approximate queue scheduling for rainfall synthesis over radio links in subtropical regions

“…However, the understanding of the underlying characteristics of the stochastic process of rainfall in the time domain, offers a more compelling approach. Earlier researchers [9]- [11] have applied the Markov Chain (MC) approach, however, these methods have locationspecific transition matrices; making this approach seemingly incompatible elsewhere. This current work of rainfall synthesis over radio links is based on Queueing Theory Technique (QTT) proposed by Alonge and Afullo in [12], [13].…”

Rainfall time series synthesis from queue scheduling of rain event fractals over radio links

“…Therefore, the time domain analysis of rainfall processes has aroused interest with different methodologies applied by researchers. The Markov approach is one of such technique in which rainfall process is assumed as instances of Markov chain (MC) states [ Alasseur et al , ; Héder and Bitòs , ; Maruddani et al , ]. This technique approaches rainfall generation as chain‐like events in which a stepwise jump from one state to another is linked by probabilities.…”

Characteristics of rainfall queues for rain attenuation studies over radio links at subtropical and equatorial Africa

“…Their result shows a good agreement with experimental results when simulated with large N-states, although with 5 min integration time of rainfall data. Héder and Bitòs [2008] considered the N-state Markov chain model for attenuation series generation. Their study generated transitional probability matrices from 15 GHz attenuation measurements over radio links at Hungary.…”