Generalized Multiple-Layer Appearance of the Cerebral Cortex with 3D FLAIR 7.0-T MR Imaging

Zwanenburg, Jaco J.M.; Hendrikse, Jeroen; Luijten, Peter R.

doi:10.1148/radiol.11110812

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The intra-rater ICC for HT2H volume assessment was 0.98 (95% CI 0.94; 0.99) and the DSC was 0.75 (95% CI 0.69; 0.80). Other structures that are hyperintense on 7 Tesla FLAIR, in particular the choroid plexus and the fluid — parenchyma border [14], could be readily distinguished from HT2Hs, based on shape and location (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal T2 hyperintensities on 7Tesla MRI

Veluw

Wisse

Kuijf

et al. 2013

NeuroImage: Clinical

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Hippocampal focal T2 hyperintensities (HT2Hs), also referred to as hippocampal sulcal cavities, are a common finding on Magnetic Resonance (MR) images. There is uncertainty about their etiology and clinical significance. In this study we aimed to describe these HT2Hs in more detail using high resolution 7 Tesla MR imaging, addressing 1) the MR signal characteristics of HT2Hs, 2) their occurrence frequency, 3) their location within the hippocampus, and 4) their relation with age. We also performed an explorative post-mortem study to examine the histology of HT2Hs.Fifty-eight persons without a history of invalidating neurological or psychiatric disease (mean age 64 ± 8 years; range 43–78 years), recruited through their general practitioners, were included in this study. They all underwent 7 Tesla MRI, including a T1, T2, and FLAIR image. MR signal characteristics of the HT2Hs were assessed on these images by two raters. Also, the location and number of the HT2Hs were assessed. In addition, four formalin-fixed brain slices from two subjects were scanned overnight. HT2Hs identified in these slices were subjected to histopathological analysis.HT2Hs were present in 97% of the subjects (median number per person 10; range 0–20). All HT2Hs detected on the T2 sequence were hypointense on T1 weighted images. Of all HT2Hs, 94% was hypointense and 6% hyperintense on FLAIR. FLAIR hypointense HT2Hs were all located in the vestigial sulcus of the hippocampus, FLAIR hyperintense HT2Hs in the hippocampal sulcus or the gray matter. Post-mortem MRI and histopathological analysis suggested that the hypointense HT2Hs on FLAIR were cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid. A hyperintense HT2H on FLAIR proved to be a microinfarct upon microscopy.In conclusion, hippocampal T2Hs are extremely common and unrelated to age. They can be divided into two types (hypo- and hyperintense on FLAIR), probably with different etiology.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal T2 hyperintensities on 7Tesla MRI

Veluw

Wisse

Kuijf

et al. 2013

NeuroImage: Clinical

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“…First, the design of sequences on our 7T system causes a multiplelayered appearance of the cortex, which differs between 3D-DIR and 3D-FLAIR 22 and has recently been described as differing among anatomic regions in the brain. 39 The cortex is often relatively more hyperintense on 3D-DIR than on 3D-FLAIR because of the attenuation of WM at DIR (Fig 3). This might have caused diminished visibility of cortical lesions on 3D-DIR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicontrast MR Imaging at 7T in Multiple Sclerosis: Highest Lesion Detection in Cortical Gray Matter with 3D-FLAIR

Kilsdonk¹,

Graaf²,

Soriano³

et al. 2012

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:7T MR imaging has led to improved detection and classification of cortical MS lesions, mainly based on T2*-weighted gradient-echo sequences. Depiction of cortical GM by using the recommended MS imaging protocol has not yet been investigated at 7T. We aimed to investigate prospectively which recommended sequence for clinical use has the highest value at 7T, in terms of GM and WM lesion detection.

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“…Barazany and Assaf (2012) and Lifshits et al (2017) used multi inversion recovery to map T1 distributions, in order to reveal sub-voxel layer components, which show different T1 values, and achieve a super-resolution effect. Using a FLAIR sequence optimized for ultra-high field strengths, a multi-layered appearance throughout the cerebral cortex with different regional profiles could be visualized at 7 T (Zwanenburg et al, 2012).…”

Section: Studies Of Lamination Outside V1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Candidates include approaches based on the magnitude and phase of gradient echo acquisitions (Deistung et al, 2013;Duyn et al, 2007), and turbo spin echo sequences (Trampel et al, 2011). Exceptional intracortical contrast also arises from those TSE sequences which are additionally equipped with a T1-preparation (Turner et al, 2008) or adjusted to achieve a FLAIR-like weighting (Zwanenburg et al, 2012). Recently, a study showed an improved contrast between the Gennari stripe and the adjacent cortex layers for TSE acquisitions compared to T1-weighted images and T1 maps obtained with the MP2RAGE (Marques et al, 2010) sequence (see Fig.…”

Section: Challenges and Recent Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of laminae in the human cortex

et al. 2019

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The human neocortex is organized radially into six layers which differ in their myelination and the density and arrangement of neuronal cells. This cortical cyto-and myeloarchitecture plays a central role in the anatomical and functional neuroanatomy but is primarily accessible through invasive histology only. To overcome this limitation, several non-invasive MRI approaches have been, and are being, developed to resolve the anatomical cortical layers. As a result, recent studies on large populations and structure-function relationships at the laminar level became possible. Early proof-of-concept studies targeted conspicuous laminar structures such as the stria of Gennari in the primary visual cortex. Recent work characterized the laminar structure outside the visual cortex, investigated the relationship between laminar structure and function, and demonstrated layer-specific maturation effects. This paper reviews the methods and in-vivo MRI studies on the anatomical layers in the human cortex based on conventional and quantitative MRI (excluding diffusion imaging). A focus is on the related challenges, promises and potential future developments. The rapid development of MRI scanners, motion correction techniques, analysis methods and biophysical modeling promise to overcome the challenges of spatial resolution, precision and specificity of systematic imaging of cortical laminae. Need for non-invasive mapping of cortical laminationThe neocortex of the human brain consists of six layers which differ in their pattern of myelination (Nieuwenhuys, 2013;Vogt and Vogt, 1919) and the density and arrangement of neuronal cells (Brodmann, 1909;Zilles and Amunts, 2010). Those differences gave rise to the broad research field of myelo-and cyto-architecture, which is based on invasive histology. To facilitate studies of the human brain in large populations and longitudinally, non-invasive methods are much needed for visualizing intracortical anatomy in-vivo, since histological methods can only be applied ex-vivo. A promising approach is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as it is non-invasive and highly sensitive to the presence of myelin (and iron) in the cortex (Stüber et al., 2014). It is expected to reflect the myeloarchitecture rather than the cyto-architecture, although there is a strong correspondence between the two . Scope of the reviewThis paper reviews the recent in-vivo MRI studies on the anatomical layers in the human neocortex. An additional focus is on the related challenges, promises and potential future developments. Studies using diffusion weighted MRI are excluded from this review, since they are covered by Assaf et al. (2017) in the same special issue on "Prospects for cortical laminar MRI: functional and anatomical imaging of cerebral cortical layers". MRI studies of cortical layers Studies of the stria of GennariAs the cortex is only 2-4 mm thick and convoluted (Fischl and Dale, 2000), mapping cortical layers requires sub-millimeter isotropic resolution. Another challenge is that the differences in myelo-ar...

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Generalized Multiple-Layer Appearance of the Cerebral Cortex with 3D FLAIR 7.0-T MR Imaging

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

Hippocampal T2 hyperintensities on 7Tesla MRI

Hippocampal T2 hyperintensities on 7Tesla MRI

Multicontrast MR Imaging at 7T in Multiple Sclerosis: Highest Lesion Detection in Cortical Gray Matter with 3D-FLAIR

In-vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of laminae in the human cortex

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