Generalized Status Epilepticus

Rothner, A. David; MorrisIII, Harold H.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-1401-7_10

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…6). This entity, which has gone under a variety of terms, including myoclonic status epilepticus, 48 status myoclonus, 49 generalized status myoclonicus, 50 and generalized myoclonic status epilepticus, 51 is usually associated with a fatal outcome. 52,53 Some patients described as subtle generalized convulsive status epilepticus by Treiman et al 54 have had similar clinical and EEG findings.…”

Section: Drug Intoxicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interpretation of the EEG in Stupor and Coma

Brenner

2005

The Neurologist

118

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This review discusses a variety of causes of stupor and coma and associated electroencephalographic (EEG) findings. These include metabolic disturbances such as hepatic or renal dysfunction, which are often characterized by slowing of background rhythms and triphasic waves. Hypoxia and drug intoxications can produce a number of abnormal EEG patterns such as burst suppression, alpha coma, and spindle coma. Structural lesions, either supra- or infratentorial, are reviewed. EEGs in the former may show focal disturbances such as delta and theta activity, epileptiform abnormalities, and attenuation of faster frequencies. In infratentorial lesions, the EEG may appear normal, particularly with a pontine lesion. Some patients may be encephalopathic because of ongoing epileptic activity with minimal or no motor movements. This entity, nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), is difficult to diagnose in obtunded/comatose patients, and an EEG is required to verify the diagnosis and to monitor treatment. Several EEG patterns and their interpretation in suspected cases of NCSE such as periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs), bilateral independent periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (BIPLEDs), generalized periodic epileptiform discharges (GPEDs), and triphasic waves are reviewed. Other entities discussed include the locked-in syndrome, neocortical death, persistent vegetative state, brainstem death, and brain death.

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Section: Drug Intoxicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interpretation of the EEG in Stupor and Coma

Brenner

2005

The Neurologist

118

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“…Of all the forms of non-convulsive status epilepticus, generalized absence status is the most commonly encountered 2 . The incidence of absence status in patients with absence epilepsy is estimated to be between 2 and 10% 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tiagabine-induced absence status in idiopathic generalized epilepsy

Knake

Hamer

Schomburg

et al. 1999

Seizure

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Several medications such as baclofen, amitriptyline and even antiepileptic drugs such as carbamazepine or vigabatrin are known to induce absence status epilepticus in patients with generalized epilepsies. Tiagabine (TGB) is effective in patients with focal epilepsies. However, TGB has also been reported to induce non-convulsive status epilepticus in several patients with focal epilepsies and in one patient with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. In animal models of generalized epilepsy, TGB induces absence status with 3-5 Hz spike-wave complexes. We describe a 32-year-old patient with absence epilepsy and primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures since 11 years of age, who developed her first absence status epilepticus while treated with 45 mg of TGB daily. Administration of lorazepam and immediate reduction in TGB dosage was followed by complete clinical and electroencephalographic remission. This case demonstrates that TGB can induce typical absence status epilepticus in a patient with primary generalized epilepsy.

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“…Ursachlich ist dies auch durch die verschiedenen zugrundeliegenden Atiologien mitbedingt. Bei GMS und SEPA dominieren symptomatische Genesen wie Tumoren oder Enzephaiitiden, wahrend Absenceepilepsien in der Regel idiopathischer Genese sind und Epilepsien mit konipiex-partiellen Anfállen haufig die Folge einer frUh erworbenen Hirnschadigung, wenn hier auch akute Erkrankungen, wie etwa Enzephalitiden, ursachlich verantwortlich sein können (3,13,24,25,36). In unserem Kollektiv waren 74% der GMS und 79% der SEPA Erstmanifestationen epileptischer Anfálle oder traten innerhaib von zwei Jahren (51).…”

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