Generalized Steady-State VSC MTDC Model for Sequential AC/DC Power Flow Algorithms

Beerten, Jef; Cole, Stijn; Belmans, Ronnie

doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2011.2177867

Cited by 404 publications

(248 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…For the AC/DC hybrid DN with VSC-MTDC, the steady state model [55] of VSC-MTDC is shown in Figure 1. In Figure 1, Ud and Id are the terminal voltage and the outflow current of the DC system, respectively.…”

Section: The Power Flow Calculation With Vsc-mtdcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Objective Coordinated Planning of Distributed Generation and AC/DC Hybrid Distribution Networks Based on a Multi-Scenario Technique Considering Timing Characteristics

et al. 2017

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With increased direct current (DC) load density and the penetration of a large number of distributed generation (DG) units in alternating current (AC) distribution networks (DNs); a planning approach that considers transforming some of the AC lines into DC lines and building the DC network is proposed. Considering the DG output uncertainty and the load fluctuation, a planning model for an AC/DC hybrid distribution network (DN) with the DG based on the construction of multi-scenario technology with timing characteristics is built. In the DG configuration planning model, the lines to be transformed into DC form the access location and the decision regarding the DC or AC form of the newly built lines are considered optimizing variables. The DG investment, the network and converters of the DG and load, the active power loss and the voltage stability are considered in the objective functions. An improved adaptive niche genetic algorithm based on the fuzzy degree of membership and variance weighting is used to solve the nested model. Finally, considering the improved electrical and electronic engineers 33 (IEEE33) node system as an example, the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed planning method are verified. Compared to the plan without transforming some of the AC lines into DC lines and building a DC network, more DG can be admitted, and the economic cost of the AC/DC hybrid DN is notably decreased when planning to transform some of the AC lines into DC lines and build a DC network. The active power network loss and the voltage stability index are similarly further optimized.

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Section: The Power Flow Calculation With Vsc-mtdcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Objective Coordinated Planning of Distributed Generation and AC/DC Hybrid Distribution Networks Based on a Multi-Scenario Technique Considering Timing Characteristics

et al. 2017

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“…The active power exchange on the AC and DC side of the converter differ on losses. So, the AC power can be defined as a function of the DC power and converter losses, modelled according to a second order polynomial, as in [13]:…”

Section: Converter Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there are many studies on the operation of AC grids and DC grids separately, only a few have been published analysing the operation of both grids combined. In [12], an algorithm for solving power flows in AC/DC networks is presented and implemented in MATPOWER R , taking into account converter losses through a generalized converter loss model proposed in [13]. Some papers analyse the optimal operation of hybrid AC/DC systems, [14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal power flow tool for hybrid AC/DC systems

Aragüés‐Peñalba¹,

Beerten²,

Rimez³

et al. 2015

11th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission

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This study presents a tool for solving the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem in mixed Direct Current (DC) and Alternating Current (AC) systems. It allows to analyse the optimal operation of multiple independent systems, DC connected and linked to the AC system, from a steady state point of view and for several objective functions. The tool, implemented through implemented through MATLAB R Optimization toolbox is benchmarked with another OPF tool, implemented in MATPOWER R . Both tools lead to the same results for the system analysed when minimising losses and one minimising the deviation from a preset voltage profile. A sensitivity analysis is performed to assess the influence of DC and AC grid parameters on the operation of the system.

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“…For example in [13] a multi-terminal DC power flow with a conventional AC power flow has been proposed. Or in [14] a steady-state multi-terminal DC model for power flow programs has been developed which allows to include converter limits as well as different converter topologies. However, both methods are based on the iterative resolution of the NR method until a solution is found within a tolerance value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal power flow in multi-terminal HVDC grids with offshore wind farms and storage devices

Carrizosa

Navas

Damm

et al. 2015

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems

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a b s t r a c tThis work presents a power flow strategy for multi-terminal HVDC grids. Energy is mainly generated via renewable energy sources and there are nodes in the network with the possibility to store energy. This energy is generated taking into account real weather conditions in order to make the best scheduling of the system in a realistic approach. An optimization scheme is proposed in which all these elements are included as well as real operation constraints. Distribution losses are minimized for the whole network. This gives as a result a control strategy being able to deal with the whole system and its inherent constraints giving the framework for a multi-objective optimization control.Ó 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. IntroductionThe difficulty of satisfying the constant growth in worldwide energy demand is exacerbated by a number of well-known factors regarding the supply and use of conventional energy resources (oil, gas, etc.): the inconvenient geographical location of many conventional energy production sites vis-à-vis their centers of use, the continuous price inflation accompanying these resources and, of course, the fact that their use releases undesirable emissions into the atmosphere. These disadvantages are turning the world's attention towards a number of renewable energy solutions, among which offshore wind farms present a particular interest. There are several advantages to developing offshore wind energy, notably: wind conditions are more favorable out to sea than on land; the average wind speed is higher therefore providing more energy, and the wind direction tends to remain more constant in the absence of obstacles [1]. Furthermore, the wind is less turbulent because variations in temperature between the different layers of air are smaller over the sea than over land. For these reasons, offshore wind turbines have a larger up-time than onshore turbines. These are some of the reasons why wind farm investment is chiefly being channeled to offshore facilities rather than to their landbased equivalent despite their higher initial installation costs.Energy transmission has historically been carried out in alternative current (AC). However high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission is investigated in this study due to several advantages it possesses over AC lines. First of all the reactive power makes AC transmission losses greater than HVDC applications. Additionally, transmission capacity is also greater in HVDC lines due to the non-existence of the skin effect, and also the efficiency and controllability of DC converters are higher [2][3][4][5]. Another advantage of using HVDC is that the use of fewer cables in DC lines also implies lower costs and weight enabling therefore the possibility of operating in remote marine regions where wind conditions are even more favorable [6,7].Although multi-terminal HVDC systems are technically feasible, they have not been widely accepted as a cost-effective transmission solution. There are only two HVDC installations which have operated as mult...

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Generalized Steady-State VSC MTDC Model for Sequential AC/DC Power Flow Algorithms

Cited by 404 publications

References 18 publications

Multi-Objective Coordinated Planning of Distributed Generation and AC/DC Hybrid Distribution Networks Based on a Multi-Scenario Technique Considering Timing Characteristics

Multi-Objective Coordinated Planning of Distributed Generation and AC/DC Hybrid Distribution Networks Based on a Multi-Scenario Technique Considering Timing Characteristics

Optimal power flow tool for hybrid AC/DC systems

Optimal power flow in multi-terminal HVDC grids with offshore wind farms and storage devices

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