Generating prophylactic immunity against arboviruses in vertebrates and invertebrates

Rawle, Daniel J.; Hugo, Leon E.; Cox, Abigail L.; Devine, Gregor J.; Suhrbier, Andreas

doi:10.1038/s41577-024-01016-6

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 200 publications

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“…The concept of "protective inflammation" was recently described for COVID-19 [55] and clearly applies to many other viral infections where subclinical or mild infections are also well documented [149]. Deleterious or pathological inflammatory disease processes tend to be the focus of research, with perhaps less attention paid to characterisation of inflammatory responses that are resolved and lead to subclinical or mild disease and sequelae-free outcomes [150,151].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking inflammation resolution signatures in lungs after SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA.1 infection of K18-hACE2 mice

Carolin,

Yan,

Bishop

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which can result in severe disease often characterised by a 'cytokine storm' and the associated acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, many infections with SARS-CoV-2 are mild or asymptomatic throughout the course of infection. Although blood biomarkers of severe disease are well studied, less well understood are the inflammatory signatures in lung tissues associated with mild disease or silent infections, wherein infection and inflammation are rapidly resolved leading to sequelae-free recovery. Herein we described RNA-Seq and histological analyses of lungs over time in an omicron BA.1/K18-hACE2 mouse infection model, which displays these latter features. Although robust infection was evident at 2 days post infection (dpi), viral RNA was largely cleared by 10 dpi. Acute inflammatory signatures showed a slightly different pattern of cytokine signatures compared with severe infection models, but where much diminished 30 dpi and absent by 66 dpi. Cellular deconvolution identified significantly increased abundance scores for a number of anti-inflammatory pro-resolution cell types at 5/10 dpi. These included type II innate lymphoid cells, T regulatory cells, and interstitial macrophages. Genes whose expression trended downwards over 2 - 66 dpi included biomarkers of severe disease and were associated with 'cytokine storm' pathways. Genes whose expression trended upward during this period were associated with recovery of ciliated cells, AT2 to AT1 transition, reticular fibroblasts and innate lymphoid cells, indicating a return to homeostasis. Very few differentially expressed host genes were identified at 66 dpi, suggesting near complete recovery. The parallels between mild or subclinical infections in humans and those observed in this BA.1/K18-hACE2 mouse model are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking inflammation resolution signatures in lungs after SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA.1 infection of K18-hACE2 mice

Carolin,

Yan,

Bishop

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

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A getah virus-like-particle vaccine provides complete protection from viremia and arthritis in wild-type mice

Miao,

Nguyen,

Zhu

et al. 2024

Vaccine

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Antigen-specific T cell responses following single and co-administration of tick-borne encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, and yellow fever virus vaccines: Results from an open-label, non-randomized clinical trial-cohort

Wullimann,

Sandberg,

Akber

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Flavivirus infections pose a significant global health burden, highlighting the need for safe and effective vaccination strategies. Co-administration of different vaccines, including licensed flavivirus vaccines, is commonly practiced providing protection against multiple pathogens while also saving time and reducing visits to healthcare units. However, how co-administration of different flavivirus vaccines de facto affects immunogenicity, particularly with respect to T cell responses, is only partially understood. Methods and findings Antigen-specific T cell responses were assessed in study participants enrolled in a previously conducted open-label, non-randomized clinical trial. In the trial, vaccines against tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), or yellow fever virus (YFV) were administered either individually or concomitantly in different combinations in healthy study participants. Peripheral blood samples were collected before vaccination and at multiple time points afterward. To analyze antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses, PBMCs were stimulated with overlapping peptide pools from TBEV, JEV, YFV, and Zika virus (ZIKV) envelope (E), capsid (C), and non-structural protein 5 (NS5) viral antigens. A flow cytometry-based activation-induced marker (AIM) assay was used to quantify antigen-specific T cell responses. The results revealed remarkably similar frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses, regardless of whether vaccines were administered individually or concomitantly. In addition, administering the vaccines in the same or different upper arms did not markedly affect T cell responses. Finally, no significant cross-reactivity was observed between TBEV, JEV, and YFV vaccines, nor with related ZIKV-specific antigens. Conclusions TBEV or JEV vaccines can be co-administered with the live attenuated YFV vaccine without any markedly altered antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to the respective flaviviruses. Additionally, the vaccines can be delivered in the same or different upper arms without any significant influence on the T cell response. From a broader perspective, these results provide valuable insights into the outcome of immune responses following simultaneous administration of different vaccines for different but related pathogens.

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Generating prophylactic immunity against arboviruses in vertebrates and invertebrates

Cited by 4 publications

References 200 publications

Tracking inflammation resolution signatures in lungs after SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA.1 infection of K18-hACE2 mice

Tracking inflammation resolution signatures in lungs after SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA.1 infection of K18-hACE2 mice

A getah virus-like-particle vaccine provides complete protection from viremia and arthritis in wild-type mice

Antigen-specific T cell responses following single and co-administration of tick-borne encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, and yellow fever virus vaccines: Results from an open-label, non-randomized clinical trial-cohort

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