Generation and Characterization of Isolates of <i>Peronophythora litchii</i> Resistant to Carboxylic Acid Amide Fungicides

Wang, Han-Cheng; Sun, Hanjun; Stammler, G.; Ma, Jianxia; Zhou, Mingguo

doi:10.1094/phyto-100-5-0522

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The few studies addressing the cost of CAA resistance in oomycetes used isolates obtained by experimental evolution under fungicide pressure (Wang et al . ; Pang et al . ) or UV mutagenesis (Zhu et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soft selective sweeps in fungicide resistance evolution: recurrent mutations without fitness costs in grapevine downy mildew

et al. 2017

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Adaptation produces hard or soft selective sweeps depending on the supply of adaptive genetic polymorphism. The evolution of pesticide resistance in parasites is a striking example of rapid adaptation that can shed light on selection processes. Plasmopara viticola, which causes grapevine downy mildew, forms large populations, in which resistance has rapidly evolved due to excessive fungicide use. We investigated the pathways by which fungicide resistance has evolved in this plant pathogen, to determine whether hard or soft selective sweeps were involved. An analysis of nucleotide polymorphism in 108 field isolates from the Bordeaux region revealed recurrent mutations of cytb and CesA3 conferring resistance to quinone outside inhibiting (QoI) and carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicides, respectively. Higher levels of genetic differentiation were observed for nucleotide positions involved in resistance than for neutral microsatellites, consistent with local adaptation of the pathogen to fungicide treatments. No hitchhiking was found between selected sites and neighbouring polymorphisms in cytb and CesA3, confirming multiple origins of resistance alleles. We assessed resistance costs, by evaluating the fitness of the 108 isolates through measurements of multiple quantitative pathogenicity traits under controlled conditions. No significant differences were found between sensitive and resistant isolates, suggesting that fitness costs may be absent or negligible. Our results indicate that the rapid evolution of fungicide resistance in P. viticola has involved a soft sweep.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), variable fitness costs depending on pathogenicity trait or strain (Wang et al . ) to a lower pathogenicity of resistant isolates (Zhu et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft selective sweeps in fungicide resistance evolution: recurrent mutations without fitness costs in grapevine downy mildew

et al. 2017

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“…After a long time applying, the resistant isolates of P . litchii have been detected in some regions 5 . Considering both drug-resistance and environmental impact due to the fungicide applying, breeding of resistant cultivar to control the disease are required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early responses given distinct tactics to infection of Peronophythora litchii in susceptible and resistant litchi cultivar

Sun

Cao

Huanling

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Litchi downy blight, a destructive litchi disease caused by Peronophythora litchii , is controlled by intensive fungicide applying. Sources of resistance are used in conventional breeding approaches, but the mechanism is not well understood. Follow-up six years investigation, ‘Guiwei’ and ‘Heiye’ displayed stable susceptible and resistant against to P . litchii , respectively. After 72 hour inoculation, ‘Heiye’ showed few disease spots, while ‘Guiwei’ appeared brown and covered with white sporangia. Germination of sporangia and growth of mycelium in ‘Guiwei’ is more quickly than in ‘Heiye’. Transcript levels were measured at 6, 24, and 48 hour post-inoculation. ‘Oxidation-reduction process’ was dramatically enhanced in ‘Heiye’, which could promote its resistance to pathogen infection. A small ratio (3.78%) of common DEGs indicates that resistant and susceptible cultivars take different strategies to defense against P . litchii . At early infection stage, ‘Heiye’ induced a larger number of genes, including seven receptor-like kinases, which quickly recognized attack of pathogen and led to a rapidly resistance by regulation of degradation of proteasome, transcription factors, and cell wall remodeling. The early DGEs were exiguous in ‘Guiwei’, suggesting a weak response. Once the infection was successful, the resistance was repressed by down-regulated genes involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism, ET biosynthesis and signaling conduction in ‘Guiwei’. In conclusion, quickly recognition and early responses to pathogen, as well as minimal pathogen development and basal expression of resistance-related genes, were correlated with a high level of resistance in ‘Heiye’, while susceptible ‘Guiwei’ suffered massive infection due to lagging response and repressed signal transduction.

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“…With the increase of the popular frequency and prevalence of this disease, it has become an important barrier of litchi production. Efficient control of litchi downy blight is mainly based on application of agrochemicals including traditional fungicides, such as mancozeb, cymoxanil, and metalaxyl, and the recently registered QoI fungicide azoxystrobin 5 7 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance Mechanisms and Molecular Docking Studies of Four Novel QoI Fungicides in Peronophythora litchii

Zhou

Chen

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Peronophythora litchii is the causal agent of litchi downy blight. Enestroburin, SYP-1620, SYP-2815 and ZJ0712 are four novel QoI fungicides developed by China. Eight mutants of P. litchii resistant to these QoI fungicides and azoxystrobin (as a known QoI fungicide) were obtained in our preliminary work. In this study, the full length of the cytochrome b gene in P. litchii, which has a full length of 382 amino acids, was cloned from both sensitive isolates and resistant mutants, and single-site mutations G142A, G142S, Y131C, or F128S were found in resistant mutants. Molecular docking was used to predict how the mutations alter the binding of the five QoI fungicides to the Qo-binding pockets. The results have increased our understanding of QoI fungicide-resistance mechanisms and may help in the development of more potent inhibitors against plant diseases in the fields.

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Generation and Characterization of Isolates of Peronophythora litchii Resistant to Carboxylic Acid Amide Fungicides

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Soft selective sweeps in fungicide resistance evolution: recurrent mutations without fitness costs in grapevine downy mildew

Soft selective sweeps in fungicide resistance evolution: recurrent mutations without fitness costs in grapevine downy mildew

Early responses given distinct tactics to infection of Peronophythora litchii in susceptible and resistant litchi cultivar

Resistance Mechanisms and Molecular Docking Studies of Four Novel QoI Fungicides in Peronophythora litchii

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