Generation and Evaluation of Modified Opaque-2 Popcorn Suggests a Route to Quality Protein Popcorn

Ren, Ying; Yobi, Abou; Marshall, Leandra; Angelovici, Ruthie; Rodrı́guez, Oscar; Holding, David R.

doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01803

Cited by 23 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…1A). All BC 1‐Popcorn (P 1 × F 1 ) showed a high mean PE (Table 3), which suggests that one backcross was enough to recover the majority (an average of 75%) of PE of the popcorn parent, in agreement with Li et al (2007), Li et al (2009), and Ren et al (2018), but values ranged among crosses from 67 to 86.4% (Fig. 1B).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Popcorn germplasm is less improved than dent or flint field corn cultivars, with less favorable agronomic performance, and greater susceptibility to pests, diseases, and lodging (Dofing et al, 1991). In this scenario, field corn can be used to improve agronomic and quality traits in popcorn germplasm (Ren et al, 2018). Since field corn has very low levels of PE, introgression of favorable alleles from field corn can be achieved with one or two backcrosses to popcorn as the recurrent parent for recovering PE (Dofing et al, 1991; Ziegler, 2001; Li et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Knowledge about the genetic control of PE will aid in conventional and marker‐ assisted breeding, and some published studies (Lyerly, 1942; Dofing et al, 1991; Larish and Brewbaker, 1999) have indicated that PE is additive with some dominance effects, but no significant epistatic effects (Dofing et al, 1991; Pereira and Amaral Júnior, 2001; Miranda et al, 2008). For instance, Ren et al (2018) were able to recover almost all of the PE while introgressing an opaque‐2 mutant from dent germplasm, using a backcrossing scheme. However, additional studies are needed to form a general consensus on the mode of inheritance in diverse maize backgrounds.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Inheritance Study for Popping Expansion in Popcorn vs. Flint Corn Genotypes

Coan¹,

Pinto²,

Kuki³

et al. 2019

Agronomy Journal

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Popcorn is a popular snack food with higher economic value compared to field corn varieties of maize (Zea mays L.), but displays less favorable agronomic performance and greater susceptibility to diseases. The objective of the present work was to study the mode of inheritance of popping expansion (PE) from three different crosses of popcorn × flint corn with a classical model and a mixed model using inbred lines derived from tropical germplasm. The study will investigate if PE is encoded by one or two major genes, a few genes with large effect, or multiple genes of small effect. Four generations (P1 and P2, F1, F2, BC1‐Popcorn and BC1‐Flint) from each cross were evaluated in field experiments in the main growing season of 2013/2014, in two environments. A randomized complete block design was used, with a nested split‐plot arrangement of treatments with four replicates. Means of the four generations were determined for PE. A weighted least squares analysis of variance based on the generation means method was used to perform joint scaling tests on the data from each generation. Maximum likelihood estimators were used to test the effect of major genes and/or the presence of polygenic loci affecting the trait. Although inheritance studies with plot means can be used to estimate genetic effects, the effect numbers can be overestimated. In the current study, PE in popcorn vs. flint crosses was controlled by a major additive gene in conjunction with polygenic modifiers acting in both additive and dominant fashions. Core Ideas Popping expansion is a trait that exhibits quantitative inheritance. Knowledge about the genetic control will aid in breeding programs. We used contrasting crosses and a maximum likelihood approach for inheritance study. Popping expansion is controlled by additive gene with different modifiers.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inheritance Study for Popping Expansion in Popcorn vs. Flint Corn Genotypes

Coan¹,

Pinto²,

Kuki³

et al. 2019

Agronomy Journal

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“…These proteins serve as the main storage for nitrogen and carbon in seed and can comprise up to 70% of a seed’s total amino acid content (Herman and Larkins, ; Don et al , ; Nguyen et al , ). While these proteins contribute to flour quality and seed longevity and vigour, they are relatively poor in essential amino acids (Li et al , ; Ren et al , ; Zheng et al , ), thus their high abundance negatively affects a seed’s overall nutritional quality (Galili and Amir, ; Galili et al , ). Attempts to reduce SSPs in several model plant systems using multiple approaches has resulted in only minor changes to a seed’s overall amino acid composition, a phenomenon known as proteomic rebalancing (Schmidt et al , ; Morton et al , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The complex response of free and bound amino acids to water stress during the seed setting stage in Arabidopsis

et al. 2020

Self Cite

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Free amino acids (FAAs) and protein-bound amino acids (PBAAs) in seeds play an important role in seed desiccation, longevity, and germination. However, the effect that water stress has on these two functional pools, especially when imposed during the crucial seed setting stage is unclear. To better understand these effects, we exposed Arabidopsis plants at the seed setting stage to a range of water limitation and water deprivation conditions and then evaluated physiological, metabolic, and proteomic parameters, with special focus on FAAs and PBAAs. We found that in response to severe water limitation, seed yield decreased, while seed weight, FAA, and PBAA content per seed increased. Nevertheless, the composition of FAAs and PBAAs remained unaltered. In response to severe water deprivation, however, both seed yield and weight were reduced. In addition, major alterations were observed in both FAA and proteome compositions, which indicated that both osmotic adjustment and proteomic reprogramming occurred in these naturally desiccation-tolerant organs. However, despite the major proteomic alteration, the PBAA composition did not change, suggesting that the proteomic reprogramming was followed by a proteomic rebalancing. Proteomic rebalancing has not been observed previously in response to stress, but its occurrence under stress strongly suggests its natural function. Together, our data show that the dry seed PBAA composition plays a key role in seed fitness and therefore is rigorously maintained even under severe water stress, while the FAA composition is more plastic and adaptable to changing environments, and that both functional pools are distinctly regulated.

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“…However, similar to other cereals, maize is of low nutritional value as its zein proteins are deficient of tryptophan and lysine, which are the two most important essential amino acids. The amount of tryptophan and lysine (0.25-0.50% and 1.5-2.5%, respectively) in maize seed is much lesser than the minimal level (1.1 and 5% for tryptophan and lysine, respectively) required in human diet (Ren et al 2018). Thus, the accumulation of tryptophan and lysinedeficient zein in maize kernel leads to poor quality of grain proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

An update on the maize zein-gene family in the post-genomics era

Khan

Sheteiwy

Ning

et al. 2019

Food Prod Process and Nutr

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Maize (Zea mays) is a cereal crop of global food importance. However, the deficiency of essential amino acids, more importantly lysine, methionine and tryptophan, in the major seed storage zein proteins makes corn nutritionally of low value for human consumption. The idea of improving maize nutritional value prompted the search for maize natural mutants harboring low zein contents and higher amount of lysine. These studies resulted in the identification of more than dozens of maize opaque mutants in the previous few decades, o2 mutant being the most extensively studied one. However, the high lysine contents but soft kernel texture and chalky endosperm halted the widespread application and commercial success of maize opaque mutants, which ultimately paved the way for the development of Quality Protein Maize (QPM) by modifying the soft endosperm of o2 mutant into lysine-rich hard endosperm. The previous few decades have witnessed a marked progress in maize zein research. It includes elucidation of molecular mechanism underlying the role of different zein genes in seed endosperm development by cloning different components of zein family, exploring the general organization, function and evolution of zein family members within maize species and among other cereals, and elucidating the cis-and trans-regulatory elements modulating the regulation of different molecular players of maize seed endosperm development. The current advances in high quality reference genomes of maize lines B73 and Mo17 plus the completion of ongoing pan genome sequencing projects of more maize lines with NGS technologies are expected to revolutionize maize zein gene research in near future. This review highlights the recent advances in QPM development and its practical application in the post genomic era, genomic and physical composition and evolution of zein family, and expression, regulation and downstream role of zein genes in endosperm development. Moreover, recent genomic tools and methods developed for functional validation of maize zein genes are also discussed.

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Generation and Evaluation of Modified Opaque-2 Popcorn Suggests a Route to Quality Protein Popcorn

Cited by 23 publications

References 45 publications

Inheritance Study for Popping Expansion in Popcorn vs. Flint Corn Genotypes

Inheritance Study for Popping Expansion in Popcorn vs. Flint Corn Genotypes

The complex response of free and bound amino acids to water stress during the seed setting stage in Arabidopsis

An update on the maize zein-gene family in the post-genomics era

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