Generation of Flat Optical Frequency Comb Using Cascaded PMs With Combined Harmonics

Cui, Yaohu; Wang, Zixiong; Xu, Yitong; Jiang, Yang; Yu, Jinlong; Huang, Zhanhua

doi:10.1109/lpt.2022.3168378

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Further simplifications include applying specific optimization techniques to maximize the number of comb lines generated directly from the gain-switched laser where we obtain 7 comb lines with 5 GHz separation [23]. The similar technique has been very recently applied to a scheme with external modulators cascade to obtain 15 lines with 10 GHz spacing [27].…”

Section: Optical Frequency Comb Research In Serbiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Frequency Comb Generation and Further Advances From the Photonics Community in Serbia and Western Balkans

Krstić,

Crnjanski,

Gvozdić

2023

IEEE Photonics J.

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The paper presents a short statistical overview of photonics research in the Western Balkans, with more spotlight aimed at the field of optical frequency combs with focus on the overview of the research conducted at the University of Belgrade-School of Electrical Engineering. We give a review of proposed schemes for single and dual optical frequency combs generation, based on optimized gain-switching and electrooptic modulator operation and expand our previous results with analytical approximations for comb lines intensities for the gainswitched laser.

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Section: Optical Frequency Comb Research In Serbiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Frequency Comb Generation and Further Advances From the Photonics Community in Serbia and Western Balkans

Krstić,

Crnjanski,

Gvozdić

2023

IEEE Photonics J.

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“…A flat OFC can be generated by precisely adjusting the parameters in Equation ( 10) including β m , β n , φ m , φ n , φ 1 , φ 2 , and φ 3 . The optimized parameters can be obtained by minimizing the power variance (in dBm) for all the tones of the OFC [19,20] minimize…”

Section: Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The generated OFC had 11 comb lines and the flatness was within 1 dB [18]. A flat OFC with 15 comb lines and 0.65 dB flatness was generated in an experiment, when the fundamental tone, third harmonic, and fifth harmonic were superposed to drive two cascaded PMs [19]. When the superposed fundamental tone, second harmonic, and third harmonic drove DPMZM, a 13-comb line OFC was generated in an experiment, where the flatness was 0.58 dB [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of a Flat Optical Frequency Comb via a Cascaded Dual-Parallel Mach–Zehnder Modulator and Phase Modulator without Using the Fundamental Tone

Zhang,

Wang,

Zuo

et al. 2023

Photonics

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Under the conventional scheme to generate an optical frequency comb (OFC) using an electro-optic modulator (EOM), the frequency interval of the OFC is determined via the frequency of the fundamental tone of the radio frequency (RF) driving signals. In this work, we use two harmonics without the fundamental tone to drive two EOMs, where the frequency interval of the generated flat OFC is the frequency of the fundamental tone. The orders of the two harmonics are coprime. Specifically, one harmonic drives the first branch of the dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator (DPMZM) only, and the other harmonic drives the phase modulator (PM). The flatness of the OFC is achieved by adjusting the amplitude and phase of the RF driving harmonics as well as the bias of the EOM. Both a simulation and an experiment were carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. When the second harmonic drives the DPMZM and the third harmonic drives the PM, an 11-comb line OFC is generated, where the flatness of the OFC was 0.63 dB and 0.65 dB under the simulation and experiment, respectively. When the third harmonic drives the DPMZM and the second harmonic drives the PM, a 13-comb line OFC is generated, where the flatness of the OFC was 0.62 dB and 0.95 dB under the simulation and experiment, respectively. We also investigate the performance of the generated OFC when one harmonic drives two branches of the DPMZM and the other harmonic drives the PM. The comparison of the OFCs’ performance demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

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“…The authors of ref. [37] generated a flat OFC using cascading PMs with combined harmonics. For the scenario of a combined fundamental tone, third harmonic, and fifth harmonic, a 15-line OFC is generated, with the flatness measured in simulation and experiment to be 0.29 dB and 0.65 dB, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Frequency Comb Generator Employing Two Cascaded Frequency Modulators and Mach–Zehnder Modulator

Ujjwal

Kumar

2023

Electronics

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Optical frequency combs (OFCs) are extensively used in spectroscopy, range finding, metrology, and optical communications. In this paper, we propose a novel technique to achieve a flat OFC by serially cascading two frequency modulators (FMs) followed by a single-drive Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM). The modulators are driven by a sinusoidal RF signal of frequencies fm, fm2, and 2 fm GHz, respectively. With our proposed approach (fm), an optical spectrum of 71 subcarriers spaced at 4 GHz is realized within a power fluctuation of ∼2 dB. The proposed method is also tested for fm = 16 GHz, showing that this approach can work in all scenarios with lower power fluctuations. In addition, we also studied the impact of the phase of the RF signal on the power variation of the OFC spectrum. A theoretical investigation of the ultra-flat spectrum generated by cascaded FMs and MZM is conducted, and the results of simulations support the findings. The simulation results demonstrate good performance, allowing for the application of our proposed approach in next-generation optical networks.

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Generation of Flat Optical Frequency Comb Using Cascaded PMs With Combined Harmonics

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Optical Frequency Comb Generation and Further Advances From the Photonics Community in Serbia and Western Balkans

Optical Frequency Comb Generation and Further Advances From the Photonics Community in Serbia and Western Balkans

Generation of a Flat Optical Frequency Comb via a Cascaded Dual-Parallel Mach–Zehnder Modulator and Phase Modulator without Using the Fundamental Tone

Optical Frequency Comb Generator Employing Two Cascaded Frequency Modulators and Mach–Zehnder Modulator

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