Generation of particle assemblies mimicking enzymatic activity by processing of herbal food: the case of rhizoma polygonati and other natural ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine

Abstract

Processed herbs have been widely used in eastern and western medicine; however, the mechanism of the medicinal effects has not been revealed yet. It is commonly believed that the central...

Nano-evolution and protein-based enzymatic evolution predicts novel types of natural product nanozymes of traditional Chinese medicine: cases of herbzymes of Taishan-Huangjing (Rhizoma polygonati) and Goji (Lycium chinense)

“…Herbal nanoparticles were prepared from Mount Tai area-derived traditional Chinese medicine Rhizoma polygonat (RP) also named as Huangjing, and confirmed as described previously [9]. For Goji (Lycium chinense) nanoparticles prepared by baking processing [9], extract fluorescence was measured by a fluorometer described previously [9].…”

“…Herbal nanoparticles were prepared from Mount Tai area-derived traditional Chinese medicine Rhizoma polygonat (RP) also named as Huangjing, and confirmed as described previously [9]. For Goji (Lycium chinense) nanoparticles prepared by baking processing [9], extract fluorescence was measured by a fluorometer described previously [9]. SEM analysis of nanoparticle size of baked Goji nanoparticles was performed by dropping Goji extract on a carrier and air-drying it before putting it into a scanning electron microscope [9].…”

“…Finally, the absorbance value A2 at 310s was measured again which was recorded as A2 measurement. Controls of A1 blank and A2 blank were also measured for the final calculation by liquid volume method as FBA enzyme activity (U/mL)=ΔA÷(ε×d)×10 9 ×V reaction total ÷V sample ÷T=321.54×ΔA (ΔA measurement tube=A1 measurement-A2; ΔA blank tube=A1 blank-A2 blank; ΔA=ΔA measuring tube-ΔA blank tube; V reaction total : the total volume of the reaction system;…”

“…(3) Hydrolase of ALP One example of a class of hydrolase is alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (EC 3.1.3.1) which functions as removing of phosphorylation and some types of nanoparticles have been reported to have intrinsic phosphatase activity [11,16]. Recently we discovered natural product derived nanodots or nanoflowers which have the ability to dephosphorylate substrates as ALP-like nanozymes in addition to the chemical synthesis of nanozyme [9,11,17].…”

“…A type of natural product-based nanozyme and nanoassembly has been arising as a new star in nano-natural product research. These include the natural compound-based self-assembly and nanozyme, namely herbzyme [9][10]. Recently we reported the natural product-based nanozyme of protease-like, phosphatase-like, and α-Amylases (EC 3.2.…”