Genes, gene flow and adaptation of<i>Diabrotica virgifera virgifera</i>

Miller, Nicholas J.; Guillemaud, Thomas; Giordano, Rosanna; Siegfried, Blair D.; Gray, Michael E.; Meinke, Lance J.; Sappington, Thomas W.

doi:10.1111/j.1461-9563.2008.00398.x

Cited by 63 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Ostrinia furnacalis in Asia is an interesting candidate for such an investigation of parallel evolution, since it may result from an independent host shift to maize (Frolov et al 2007). If, as we strongly suspect, geotaxis proves to have evolved as a specific response to harvesting techniques, this would constitute a very singular instance of behavioural resistance to agricultural management techniques other than insecticide application (Levine et al 2002;Mochizuki et al 2002;Miller et al 2009). …”

Section: (B) Behaviours In the Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergence in behaviour between the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis, and its sibling speciesOstrinia scapulalis: adaptation to human harvesting?

et al. 2010

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Divergent adaptation to host plant species may be the major mechanism driving speciation and adaptive radiations in phytophagous insects. Host plants can differ intrinsically in a number of attributes, but the role of natural enemies in host plant specialization is often underappreciated. Here, we report behavioural divergence between the European corn borer (ECB, Ostrinia nubilalis) and its sibling species Ostrinia scapulalis, in relation to a major enemy: humans. Harvesting maize imposes selective mortality on Ostrinia larvae: those located above the cut-off line of the stalk face almost certain death. We show that ECB larvae diapause closer to the ground than those of O. scapulalis, which is sympatric but feeds mainly on weeds. The difference in diapause height results from genetically determined differences in geotactic behaviour. ECB larvae descend towards the ground specifically at harvest time, increasing their chances of surviving harvesting by about 50 per cent over O. scapulalis larvae. Natural enemies appear as a major driver of hostplant specialization in this example, stressing the need to consider 'tri-trophic' ecological niches to understand insect diversification. Our results also strongly suggest that geotaxis evolved as a singular instance of behavioural resistance in a major agricultural pest.

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Section: (B) Behaviours In the Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergence in behaviour between the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis, and its sibling speciesOstrinia scapulalis: adaptation to human harvesting?

et al. 2010

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“…Biochemical characterization of the mQTL-identified Tps candidate utilized heterologous expression in Escherichia coli to confirm the identification of a comparatively product-specific b-selinene synthase. Transcript expression and metabolite analyses following elicitation with multiple pathogens and western corn rootworm (WCR; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) larvae Meinke et al, 2009;Miller et al, 2009;Spencer et al, 2009;Tinsley et al, 2013) were used to assess pathway activation. Concentrations of b-costic acid below those detected in field tissues were then used to examine in vitro antibiotic activity against five fungal species.…”

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confidence: 99%

Selinene Volatiles Are Essential Precursors for Maize Defense Promoting Fungal Pathogen Resistance

et al. 2017

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To ensure food security, maize (Zea mays) is a model crop for understanding useful traits underlying stress resistance. In contrast to foliar biochemicals, root defenses limiting the spread of disease remain poorly described. To better understand belowground defenses in the field, we performed root metabolomic profiling and uncovered unexpectedly high levels of the sesquiterpene volatile b-selinene and the corresponding nonvolatile antibiotic derivative b-costic acid. The application of metabolite-based quantitative trait locus mapping using biparental populations, genome-wide association studies, and nearisogenic lines enabled the identification of terpene synthase21 (ZmTps21) on chromosome 9 as a b-costic acid pathway candidate gene. Numerous closely examined b-costic acid-deficient inbred lines were found to harbor Zmtps21 pseudogenes lacking conserved motifs required for farnesyl diphosphate cyclase activity. For biochemical validation, a full-length ZmTps21 was cloned, heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, and demonstrated to cyclize farnesyl diphosphate, yielding b-selinene as the dominant product. Consistent with microbial defense pathways, ZmTps21 transcripts strongly accumulate following fungal elicitation. Challenged field roots containing functional ZmTps21 alleles displayed b-costic acid levels over 100 mg g 21 fresh weight, greatly exceeding in vitro concentrations required to inhibit the growth of five different fungal pathogens and rootworm larvae (Diabrotica balteata). In vivo disease resistance assays, using ZmTps21 and Zmtps21 near-isogenic lines, further support the endogenous antifungal role of selinene-derived metabolites. Involved in the biosynthesis of nonvolatile antibiotics, ZmTps21 exists as a useful gene for germplasm improvement programs targeting optimized biotic stress resistance.

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“…Thus, when a solution contains both DNA and protein, absorbance at 260 nm is mainly due to the DNA present, and absorbance at 280 nm is due to protein. The expected ratios for extracted DNA samples should range from 1.7 to 2.0 (Miller et al, 2009). DNA obtained using the modified CTAB protocol and isolation kit appeared on the agarose gel as a single band of high molecular weight (greater than 10,000 base pairs) and there is little or no evidence of degradation, shearing, or RNA contamination.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Quantity and Quality Of Dnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of DNA extraction and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)

Moslemi¹,

Zahravi²,

Sharghi³

et al. 2013

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a plant rich in polysaccharides, polyphenols and secondary metabolites, which makes it difficult to obtain high quality DNA. The present study reports a quick, simple and inexpensive method to isolate genomic DNA suitable for amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis and other PCR-based applications. This method is a modification of a protocol described by Doyle and Doyle (1990). It is a cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-based protocol modified by the use of potassium acetate (KoAc) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to remove polyphenols and polysaccharides and a high concentration of β-mercaptoethanol to reduce oxidation. Moreover, the final optimized protocol was then compared with three different methods, which are routinely used for many plant species. The results show that our modified CTAB protocol produced a high yield (>500 ng/μl) of good-quality DNA (A 260 /A 280 >1.8) compared to the other three methods. The DNA purity was further confirmed by complete digestion with EcoRI and MseI enzymes. The modified CTAB protocol used in this study could be a useful protocol for extraction of high quality DNA not only for pomegranate but also for other plants rich in polysaccharides, polyphenolices and secondary metabolites. Using this method, DNA was extracted from 67 accessions of pomegranate. The DNA was then used for AFLP analysis. To optimize the AFLP protocol, the effects of MgCl 2 concentration during selective amplification, the dilution level of pre-amplified DNA and the cycle number used in the preamplification were studied. After optimization of the reaction conditions, AFLP was used to study genetic diversity among Iranian pomegranate accessions.

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Genes, gene flow and adaptation ofDiabrotica virgifera virgifera

Cited by 63 publications

References 118 publications

Divergence in behaviour between the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis, and its sibling speciesOstrinia scapulalis: adaptation to human harvesting?

Divergence in behaviour between the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis, and its sibling speciesOstrinia scapulalis: adaptation to human harvesting?

Selinene Volatiles Are Essential Precursors for Maize Defense Promoting Fungal Pathogen Resistance

Optimization of DNA extraction and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)

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