Genes regulating lipid and protein metabolism are highly expressed in mammary gland of lactating dairy goats

Shi, Hengbo; Zhu, Jiangjiang; Luo, Jun; Cao, Wenting; Shi, Huaiping; Yao, Dawei; Li, Jun; Sun, Yuting; Xu, Huifen; Yu, Kang; Loor, Juan J.

doi:10.1007/s10142-014-0420-1

Cited by 59 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…As expected, the RNA expressions of the factors involved in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway at peak milk stage were higher than that in the dry period stage, which was consistent with previous investigations in mammary tissues 24–26 . Interestingly, the expression of MEN1 /Menin showed an opposite change at both the RNA and protein level.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

MEN1/Menin regulates milk protein synthesis through mTOR signaling in mammary epithelial cells

Wang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The MEN1 gene, which encodes the protein Menin, was investigated for its regulatory role in milk protein synthesis in mammary glands. Menin responds to nutrient and hormone levels via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Bovine mammary epithelial cells and tissues were used as experimental models in this study. The results revealed that the milk protein synthesis capacity of mammary epithelial cells could be regulated by MEN1/Menin. The overexpression of Menin caused significant suppression of factors involved in the mTOR pathway, as well as milk protein κ-casein (CSNK). In contrast, a significant increase in these factors and CSNK was observed upon MEN1/Menin knockdown. The repression of MEN1/Menin on the mTOR pathway was also observed in mammary gland tissues. Additionally, MEN1/Menin was found to elicit a negative response on prolactin (PRL) and/or insulin (INS), which caused a similar downstream impact on mTOR pathway factors and milk proteins. Collectively, our data indicate that MEN1/Menin could play a regulatory role in milk protein synthesis through mTOR signaling in the mammary gland by mediating the effects of hormones and nutrient status. The discovery of Menin’s role in mammary glands suggests Menin could be potential new target for the improvement of milk performance and adjustment of lactation period of dairy cows.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

MEN1/Menin regulates milk protein synthesis through mTOR signaling in mammary epithelial cells

Wang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…The high expression of casein ( CN ) genes, all increasing in expression from D1 to D2 lactation stages, was not surprising because caseins, together with the whey proteins, represent the 90% of milk proteins fraction [67]. In this work, we found that CSN2 and the whey protein α-lactalbumin (α-LA) coding gene ( LALBA ) have the highest expression values, as already detected by [61] in goat, [33] in cow and [507] in human.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Considering the de novo assembly approach we compared our results with a similar study on goat mammary gland in which 98,864 transcripts and 51, 361 unigenes with a mean length of 1,219 bp were obtained [61]. Numbers are comparable, even if smaller, to those obtained by us.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…The FASN gene is directly involved in de novo synthesis of most of the short and medium-chain fatty acids in milk and is essential for the development, functional competence, and maintenance of the lactating mammary gland [61, 79, 80]. KRT19 gene expression has been associated with an intact cytoskeleton required for autophagic cell death in goat mammary gland [81].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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RNA-Sequencing for profiling goat milk transcriptome in colostrum and mature milk

Crisà

Ferré

Chillemi³

et al. 2016

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundIn this work we aimed at sequencing and assembling the goat milk transcriptome corresponding at colostrum and 120 days of lactation. To reconstruct transcripts we used both the genome as reference, and a de novo assembly approach. Additionally, we aimed at identifying the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two lactation stages and at analyzing the expression of genes involved in oligosaccharides metabolism.ResultsA total of 44,635 different transcripts, organized in 33,757 tentative genes, were obtained using the goat genome as reference. A significant sequence similarity match was found for 40,353 transcripts (90%) against the NCBI NT and for 35,701 (80%) against the NR databases. 68% and 69% of the de novo assembled transcripts, in colostrum and 120 days of lactation samples respectively, have a significant match with the merged transcriptome obtained using Cufflinks/Cuffmerge. CSN2, PAEP, CSN1S2, CSN3, LALBA, TPT1, FTH1, M-SAA3, SPP1, GLYCAM1, EEF1A1, CTSD, FASN, RPS29, CSN1S1, KRT19 and CHEK1 were found between the top fifteen highly expressed genes. 418 loci were differentially expressed between lactation stages, among which 207 and 122 were significantly up- and down-regulated in colostrum, respectively. Functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis showed that in goat colostrum somatic cells predominate biological processes involved in glycolysis, carbohydrate metabolism, defense response, cytokine activity, regulation of cell proliferation and cell death, vasculature development, while in mature milk, biological process associated with positive regulation of lymphocyte activation and anatomical structure morphogenesis are enriched. The analysis of 144 different oligosaccharide metabolism-related genes showed that most of these (64%) were more expressed in colostrum than in mature milk, with eight expressed at very high levels (SLCA3, GMSD, NME2, SLC2A1, B4GALT1, B3GNT2, NANS, HEXB).ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study comparing goat transcriptome of two lactation stages: colostrum and 120 days. Our findings suggest putative differences of expression between stages and can be envisioned as a base for further research in the topic. Moreover because a higher expression of genes involved in immune defense response, carbohydrate metabolism and related to oligosaccharide metabolism was identified in colostrum we here corroborate the potential of goat milk as a natural source of lactose-derived oligosaccharides and for the development of functional foods.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0881-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Gene expression abundance analysis: Based on the data obtained from the sequencing, the dairy goat mammary transcriptome data obtained by 52 were used as reference sequences. Using the software bowtie 0.12.8, gene expression was measured based on the RPKM (Reads Per Kilobase of exon model per Million mapped reads) value (S2).…”

Section: Animals and Samples Of Rna Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

miR-148a and miR-17–5p synergistically regulate milk TAG synthesis via PPARGC1A and PPARA in goat mammary epithelial cells

et al. 2017

Self Cite

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are a class of '18-25' nt RNA molecules which regulate gene expression and play an important role in several biologic processes including fatty acid metabolism. Here we used S-Poly (T) and high-throughput sequencing to evaluate the expression of miRNA and mRNA during early-lactation and in the non-lactating ("dry") period in goat mammary gland tissue. Results indicated that miR-148a, miR-17-5p, PPARGC1A and PPARA are highly expressed in the goat mammary gland in early-lactation and nonlactating periods. Utilizing a Luciferase reporter assay and Western Blot, PPARA, an important regulator of fatty acid oxidation, and PGC1a (PPARGC1A), a major regulator of fat metabolism, were demonstrated to be targets of miR-148a and miR-17-5p in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs). It was also revealed that miR-148a expression can regulate PPARA, and miR-17-5p represses PPARGC1A in GMECs. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-148a and miR-17-5p promoted triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis while the knockdown of miR-148a and miR-17-5p impaired TAG synthesis in GMEC. These findings underscore the importance of miR-148a and miR-17-5p as key components in the regulation of TAG synthesis. In addition, miR-148a cooperates with miR-17-5p to regulate fatty acid metabolism by repressing PPARGC1A and PPARA in GMECs. Further studies on the functional role of miRNAs in lipid metabolism of ruminant mammary cells seem warranted.

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Genes regulating lipid and protein metabolism are highly expressed in mammary gland of lactating dairy goats

Cited by 59 publications

References 70 publications

MEN1/Menin regulates milk protein synthesis through mTOR signaling in mammary epithelial cells

MEN1/Menin regulates milk protein synthesis through mTOR signaling in mammary epithelial cells

RNA-Sequencing for profiling goat milk transcriptome in colostrum and mature milk

miR-148a and miR-17–5p synergistically regulate milk TAG synthesis via PPARGC1A and PPARA in goat mammary epithelial cells

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