Genetic analysis of human parainfluenza virus type 4 associated with severe acute respiratory infection in children in Luohe City, Henan Province, China, during 2017–2018

Zhou, Shihao; Mao, Naiying; Zhang, Yan; Cui, Ai‐Li; Zhu, Zhen; Hu, Ruiping; Xu, Jianping; Xu, Wenbo

doi:10.1007/s00705-021-05154-3

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…HPIV is divided into four genetically and antigenically distinct serotypes (HPIV-1, HPIV-2, HPIV-3, and HPIV-4), and there are two genera of HPIV: Respirovirus (HPIV-1 and HPIV-3) and Rubulovirus (HPIV-2 and HPIV-4) [ 4 ]. Moreover, there are genetically distinct strains in each serotype: three genetic clusters each in HPIV-1 and HPIV-3 and four genetic clusters each in HPIV-2 and HPIV-4 have been reported [ 4 – 7 ]. Because genetic information about HPIV is still insufficient, studies of genetic variation based on the whole genome or hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene in each HPIV serotype have been conducted [ 5 – 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, there are genetically distinct strains in each serotype: three genetic clusters each in HPIV-1 and HPIV-3 and four genetic clusters each in HPIV-2 and HPIV-4 have been reported [4][5][6][7]. Because genetic information about HPIV is still insufficient, studies of genetic variation based on the whole genome or hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene in each HPIV serotype have been conducted [5][6][7]. Each HPIV serotype exhibits different epidemiological patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with human parainfluenza virus infection by serotype: a retrospective study

Han

Suh

Han

2022

Virol J

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Background The development of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test promoted the evaluation of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) type 4, which has been rarely studied using conventional diagnostic methods. This study aimed to determine the seasonal epidemiological and clinical characteristics of all four HPIV serotypes (HPIV-1, HPIV-2, HPIV-3, and HPIV-4) during the era of PCR testing. Methods The medical records of hospitalized pediatric patients diagnosed with HPIV infections by a multiplex PCR test between 2015 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed to determine the seasonal distributions of each HPIV serotype. For patients with a single HPIV infection, the clinical characteristics of each HPIV serotype were evaluated and compared with one another. Results Among the 514 cases of HPIV infection, HPIV-1, HPIV-2, HPIV-3, and HPIV-4 were identified in 27.2%, 11.9%, 42.6%, and 18.3% of cases, respectively. HPIV-3 was most prevalent in spring, and the other three serotypes were most prevalent in autumn. For patients with a single HPIV infection, those infected by HPIV-1 and HPIV-3 were younger than those infected by HPIV-2 and HPIV-4 (P < 0.001). Croup and lower respiratory tract infection (LRI) were most frequently diagnosed in patients infected by HPIV-1 (P < 0.001) and HPIV-4 (P = 0.002), respectively. During 2020–2021, HPIV-3 was most prevalent in autumn and caused fewer LRIs (P = 0.009) and more seizures (P < 0.001) than during 2015–2019. Conclusions Each HPIV serotype exhibited a distinct seasonal predominance, and some differences in the clinical characteristics of the HPIV serotypes were observed. HPIV-4 acted as an important cause of LRI. Considering the recent changes in the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of HPIV-3, more time-series analyses should be conducted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with human parainfluenza virus infection by serotype: a retrospective study

Han

Suh

Han

2022

Virol J

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Genetic characteristics of human parainfluenza viruses 1–4 associated with acute lower respiratory tract infection in Chinese children, during 2015–2021

Zhu,

Sun,

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are a significant cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs) among young children and elderly individuals worldwide. The four types of HPIVs (HPIV1–4) can cause recurrent infections and pose a significant economic burden on health care systems globally. However, owing to the limited availability of complete genome sequences, the genetic evolution of these viruses and the development of vaccines and antiviral treatments are hampered. To address this issue, this study utilized next-generation sequencing to obtain 156 complete genome sequences of HPIV1–4, which were isolated from hospitalized children with ALRTIs in six regions of China between 2015 and 2021. This study revealed multiple clades, lineages, or sublineages of HPIVs circulating in mainland China, with a novel clade D of HPIV1 identified as geographically restricted to China. Moreover, this study identified the endemic dominant genotype of HPIV3, lineage C3, which has widely spread and continuously circulated in China. Bioinformatic analysis of the genome sequences revealed that the proteins of HPIV3 possessed the most variable sites, with the P protein showing more diversity than the other proteins among all types of HPIVs. The HN proteins of HPIV1–3 are all under negative/purifying selection, and two amino acid substitutions in the HN proteins correspond to known mAb neutralizing sites in the two HPIV3 strains. These findings provide crucial insights into the genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics of HPIVs circulating among children in China and may facilitate research on the molecular diagnosis, vaccine development, and surveillance of HPIVs. IMPORTANCE Phylogenetic analysis revealed the prevalence of multiple clades, lineages, or sublineages of human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) circulating in mainland China. Notably, a unique evolutionary branch of HPIV1 containing only Chinese strains was identified and designated clade D. Furthermore, in 2023, HPIV3 strains from Pakistan and Russia formed a new lineage within clade C, named C6. The first HPIV4b sequence obtained in this study from China belongs to lineage C2. Evolutionary rate assessments revealed that both the HN and whole-genome sequences of HPIV3 presented the lowest evolutionary rates compared with those of the other HPIV types, with rates of 6.98E−04 substitutions/site/year (95% HPD: 5.87E−04 to 8.25E−03) and 5.85E−04 substitutions/site/year (95% HPD: 5.12E−04 to 6.62E−04), respectively. Recombination analysis revealed a potential recombination event in the F gene of an HPIV1 strain in this study. Additionally, all the newly obtained HPIV1–3 strains exhibited negative selection pressure, and two mutations were identified in the HN protein of two HPIV3 strains at monoclonal antibody-binding sites.

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Genetic analysis of human parainfluenza virus type 4 associated with severe acute respiratory infection in children in Luohe City, Henan Province, China, during 2017–2018

Cited by 2 publications

References 25 publications

Seasonal epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with human parainfluenza virus infection by serotype: a retrospective study

Seasonal epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with human parainfluenza virus infection by serotype: a retrospective study

Genetic characteristics of human parainfluenza viruses 1–4 associated with acute lower respiratory tract infection in Chinese children, during 2015–2021

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