Genetic and epigenetic contribution to astrocytic gliomas pathogenesis

Abstract

Astrocytic gliomas are the most common and lethal form of intracranial tumors. These tumors are characterized by a significant heterogeneity in terms of cytopathological, transcriptional, and (epi)genomic features. This heterogeneity has made these cancers one of the most challenging types of cancers to study and treat. To uncover these complexities and to have better understanding of the disease initiation and progression, identification, and characterization of underlying cellular and molecular pathways related to (epi)genetics of astrocytic gliomas is crucial. Here, we discuss and summarize molecular and (epi)genetic mechanisms that provide clues as to the pathogenesis of astrocytic gliomas.

MicroRNA in leukemia: Tumor suppressors and oncogenes with prognostic potential

“…Small noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) are epigenetic controllers that target specific cellular messenger RNA (mRNA) to modulate gene expression patterns and various cellular signaling pathways (Fathullahzadeh, Mirzaei, Honardoost, Sahebkar, & Salehi, ; Hesari et al, ; Khani et al, ; H. Mirzaei ; H. R. Mirzaei et al, ; H. Mirzaei et al, ; Mohammadi, Goodarzi, Jaafari, Mirzaei, & Mirzaei, ; Noruzi et al, ; Salarinia et al, ; Keshavarz et al, ). MiRNAs are elaborated with a wide range of natural procedures and are frequently and deregulated in various diseases such as human cancers, stroke, diabetes, neurogenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases (Banikazemi et al, ; Golabchi et al, ; Hoseini et al, ; Masoudi, Mehrabian, & Mirzaei, ; H. Mirzaei, ; H. Mirzaei et al, ; H. Mirzaei, Ferns, Avan, & Mobarhan, ; Noruzi et al, ; Rabieian et al, ; Rashidi, Hoseini, Sahebkar, & Mirzaei, ; Rashidi, Malekzadeh, Goodarzi, Masoudifar, & Mirzaei, ; Saeedi Borujeni et al, ).…”

MicroRNAs and exosomes: key players in HIV pathogenesis

“…miRNAs, 18–25 nucleotides in length, are noncoding RNAs that are able to target mRNAs and regulate their expression . In terms of functionality, miRNAs are important agents for gene silencing and post‐transcriptional regulation of proteins.…”

Cancer stem cells as therapeutic targets of pancreatic cancer

“…miRNAs are able to exert their modulation effects via affecting several cellular and molecular pathways and targets such as angiogenesis, growth, differentiation, metastasis, homeostasis, and so on . Dysregulation of miRNAs is associated with initiation and progression of a wide range of diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, infection diseases, and depression . Hence, it seems that these molecules could be introduced as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers in different diseases .…”

“…miRNAs are able to exert their modulation effects via affecting several cellular and molecular pathways and targets such as angiogenesis, growth, differentiation, metastasis, homeostasis, and so on [85][86][87][88][89][90]. Dysregulation of miRNAs is associated with initiation and progression of a wide range of diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, infection diseases, and depression [91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99]. Hence, it seems that these molecules could be introduced as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic Berberine SOX2, NANOG, NOTCH1, and POU5F1 Pancreatic cancer [113] curcumin and epigallocatechin gallate STAT3-NFkB Breast cancer [114] Telomerase inhibitors (motesanib) -Non-small-cell lung cancer [160] BMPs BMPR1B Glioblastoma [161] all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) Histone deacetylase Glioma [162] Cancer stem cell pancreatic cancer therapy biomarkers in different diseases [100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109].…”