Genetic background and the risk of otitis media

Hafrén, Lena; Kentala, Erna; Järvinen, Tiina M.; Leinonen, Eira; Onkamo, Päivi; Kere, Juha; Mattila, Petri S.

doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.09.026

Cited by 34 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…AOM has multiple interactive host, environmental, microbiological and genetic factors that interplay with each other to make the patient more susceptible to have AOM [10,15,12].…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genetics play an important role in the susceptibility of an individual to AOM [1,2,8,12,15]. Native American Maori or Australian Aborigine populations have more prevalence of OM as compared to white population [1].…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Native American Maori or Australian Aborigine populations have more prevalence of OM as compared to white population [1]. In one cohort study showed that heritability is found in 38.5% in rOM [15]. Some investigators have linked this susceptibility to poor ET function [2].…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Otitis Media- An Update

Shawabkeh¹,

Haidar²,

Larem³

et al. 2017

JOENTR

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Objective: To review the literature about Acute otitis media (AOM).Introduction: AOM is a common condition with an incidence of 10.8/ 100 people per year; it is more common in pediatric age group and tends to occur more in male patients. It is considered the main cause of prescribing antibiotics in pediatrics. Physicians tend to over diagnose this disease leading to an unnecessary antibiotics prescription which exposes the child to an unwanted side effects mainly diarrhea. USA spends $2-3.5 billion per year for the treatment of AOM. Taking these points in our mind, it is important to know how to accurately diagnose this condition and how to treat it and what is the pathophysiology that underlies that disease, all of which are discussed in details in this review article.Methodology: a comprehensive review of the literature about AOM.Results: AOM is a result of different host, environmental, microbiological and genetic factors. It is highly related to upper respiratory infection and the disease is thought to be viral in origin with bacterial superinfection happens later on. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has the best link with AOM. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis are still the most important pathogens. It is a symptomatic disease; Ear pain is the most important symptom, and bulging of the tympanic membrane is the most important sign that can lead to diagnosis. The American Academy of Pediatrics has put certain guidelines for the treatment of AOM. Prevetive measures play an important role in decreasing of its incidence. Conclusion:AOM has an impact on the child, family, and the community as a whole, in term of health and costs.

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“…AOM has multiple interactive host, environmental, microbiological and genetic factors that interplay with each other to make the patient more susceptible to have AOM [10,15,12].…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Acute Otitis Media- An Update

Shawabkeh¹,

Haidar²,

Larem³

et al. 2017

JOENTR

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“…There are several known risk factors for AOM, many of which cannot be modified, such as heredity [25][26][27] and having older siblings [28]. However, other risk factors can, to some extent, be influenced.…”

Section: Modifiable Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Otitis Media in Children—Current Treatment and Prevention

Gisselsson-Solén

2015

Curr Infect Dis Rep

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Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most common bacterial infection in children, and has a very varied clinical spectrum, ranging from spontaneous resolutions to serious complications. The effect of antibiotics in AOM depends on the chosen outcome, but has been shown to reduce pain somewhat, and have a greater beneficial effect in severe cases of AOM. Today, not all episodes of AOM are treated with antibiotics, but most countries have issued guidelines that include an option of watchful waiting in many cases. Prevention of AOM reaches from modification of environmental risk factors to vaccinations and surgery. Conjugate pneumococcal vaccines and influenza vaccines have been shown to somewhat reduce the number of AOM episodes in different groups of children. Grommets, with or without adenoidectomy, are effective at least during the first 6 months after surgery.

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“…60 A study of the heritability of COME/ROM in Helsinki, Finland, using a cohort of 1279 children and their parents, found estimated heritability to be 0.385 for ROM, 0.221 for COME, and 0.478 for any OM severity. 61 A genetic component of OM was confirmed in these studies, giving a solid rationale for genetic studies.…”

Section: Heritability Of Otitis Mediamentioning

confidence: 59%

Chronic Otitis Media: Microbial Environment During Viral Infection and Genetics of Host Susceptibility

Allen

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Otitis media (OM), inflammation of the middle ear, is an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) caused by viral and bacterial infections. OM is the most common pediatric disease and the leading cause of pediatric health care visits, antibiotic usage and surgery. A subset of OM affected children develops chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) and/or recurrent otitis media (ROM), with significant consequences on hearing and development. The aim of this research was to find novel risk factors that increase OM susceptibility by looking at both bacterial communities during URTI and host genetics. To discover novel OM host risk factors, a multi-stage approach was used. First, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of COME/ROM was conducted using a familyii based population. The most significantly associated SNP, rs1110060, is located on chromosome 15 in an intron of kinesin family member 7 (KIF7). Association at SNP rs10497394, an intergenic SNP on chromosome 2, was replicated in an independent family-based population of OM. Fine-mapping of associated regions of chromosomes 2 and 15 was carried out using targeted resequencing and subsequent genotyping. Six SNPs were significantly associated (P<2.6x10 -4 ), two in the chromosome 2 region and four in the chromosome 15 region. Explorations of the functional potential of these two loci were carried out. Investigation of chromatin marks revealed an enhancer region on chromosome 2 in the human middle ear epithelial cell line, HMEEC-1. The -G‖ risk allele of the most significantly-associated chromosome 15 SNP, rs1110060, was found to impact expression of IQGAP1 in adenoids (P=0.026). Also, both lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TGFβ treatment were found to regulate expression of KIF7 in HMEEC-1.The data presented in this dissertation show the complex nature of the microbiome of the nasopharynx during URTI, and we have identified novel regions and genes involved in susceptibility to OM. Moreover, functional assays support the participation of previously unsuspected mechanisms in OM pathogenesis. In summary, this research has provided insights into OM susceptibility from both host and bacterial perspectives.iii Acknowledgements

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Genetic background and the risk of otitis media

Cited by 34 publications

References 31 publications

Acute Otitis Media- An Update

Acute Otitis Media- An Update

Acute Otitis Media in Children—Current Treatment and Prevention

Chronic Otitis Media: Microbial Environment During Viral Infection and Genetics of Host Susceptibility

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