Genetic Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses Detected in Spanish Assaf Sheep with Different Mammary Lesions

Gayo, E.; Cuteri, Vincenzo; Polledo, L.; Rossi, Giacomo; Marı́n, Juan Francisco Garcı́a; Preziuso, Silvia

doi:10.3390/v10060315

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The analysis of Polish LTR sequences revealed that sequences corresponding to the TATA box, AP-4, AML-vis, and polyadenylation signal (poly A) were quite conserved which was previously reported in strains from different geographic areas. This sequence conservation argues in favor of their importance in the replication strategies of SRLVs [12,26,42,[68][69][70]. On the other hand, considerable alteration was observed in AP-1 sites, which confirmed previous findings suggesting that AP-1 sites may by functional even despite some changes [70,71].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Molecular Characterization of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses in Polish Mixed Flocks Supports Evidence of Cross Species Transmission, Dual Infection, a Recombination Event, and Reveals the Existence of New Subtypes within Group A

Olech

Kuźmak

2021

Viruses

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Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) are a group of highly divergent viruses responsible for global infection in sheep and goats. In a previous study we showed that SRLV strains found in mixed flocks in Poland belonged to subtype A13 and A18, but this study was restricted only to the few flocks from Małopolska region. The present work aimed at extending earlier findings with the analysis of SRLVs in mixed flocks including larger numbers of animals and flocks from different part of Poland. On the basis of gag and env sequences, Polish SRLVs were assigned to the subtypes B2, A5, A12, and A17. Furthermore, the existence of a new subtypes, tentatively designed as A23 and A24, were described for the first time. Subtypes A5 and A17 were only found in goats, subtype A24 has been detected only in sheep while subtypes A12, A23, and B2 have been found in both sheep and goats. Co-infection with strains belonging to different subtypes was evidenced in three sheep and two goats originating from two flocks. Furthermore, three putative recombination events were identified within gag and env SRLVs sequences derived from three sheep. Amino acid (aa) sequences of immunodominant epitopes in CA protein were well conserved while Major Homology Region (MHR) had more alteration showing unique mutations in sequences of subtypes A5 and A17. In contrast, aa sequences of surface glycoprotein exhibited higher variability confirming type-specific variation in the SU5 epitope. The number of potential N-linked glycosylation sites (PNGS) ranged from 3 to 6 in respective sequences and were located in different positions. The analysis of LTR sequences revealed that sequences corresponding to the TATA box, AP-4, AML-vis, and polyadenylation signal (poly A) were quite conserved, while considerable alteration was observed in AP-1 sites. Interestingly, our results revealed that all sequences belonging to subtype A17 had unique substitution T to A in the fifth position of TATA box and did not have a 11 nt deletion in the R region which was noted in other sequences from Poland. These data revealed a complex picture of SRLVs population with ovine and caprine strains belonging to group A and B. We present strong and multiple evidence of dually infected sheep and goats in mixed flocks and present evidence that these viruses can recombine in vivo.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Molecular Characterization of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses in Polish Mixed Flocks Supports Evidence of Cross Species Transmission, Dual Infection, a Recombination Event, and Reveals the Existence of New Subtypes within Group A

Olech

Kuźmak

2021

Viruses

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“…The sequence analysis shows that the TATA box and the poly (A) site were highly conserved, it is necessary for the virus to maintain these chains of genetic mutations (Mendiola et al, 2019), but the other parties of the LTR may have more mutations (Gayo et al, 2018). Indeed, the regulatory sequences of the genome correspond to non-coding sequences involved in the different stages of the retroviral cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Mutations in the LTR Region of SRLV Viruses in Capra ibex

Erhouma¹

2020

MJSc

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The lentivirus (genus of the retroviruses family) can integrate a significant amount of viral cDNA into the DNA of the host cell and can efficiently infect dividing cells. They are able to spill over from their natural host species to induce new infections and pathologies among hosts of new species. This defines the crossing of species barrier that originates emergent viruses causing emergent diseases. The transmission of lentiviruses was observed between different species (domestic & wild). The small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) transmission is accompanied by genetic mutations in the genome of the virus. The study investigated the genetic mutations that accompany the infection and adaptation of SRLV to the new host. Genetic mutations were studied by amplifying and sequencing the Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) region.Blood samples were taken from Capra ibex living in the French Alps. Sera were tested using a commercially available ELISA. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated on a Ficoll gradient were cultured in a macrophage differentiation medium to obtain monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) monolayers for virus isolation. DNAs from non-cultured PBMC were used as templates for the PCR amplification of proviral DNA. PCR products (270 nt) were cloned and sequenced. Sequences were analysed using ClustalW.The alignments of the LTR fragment show three types of nucleotide mutations: replacement, addition, and deletion of nucleotide. Sequence analysis shows that the TATA box and the poly (A) site were highly conserved. The divergence of the LTR region between sequences obtained varied by 0.3 - 5.7 %. These differences were also shown by the phylogenetic tree. It can be seen that proviruses from the Capra ibex sequences are a closely related group, quite distinct from the reference sequence.

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“…Die Beschreibung von Euterveränderungen bei einer Vielzahl verschiedener Schafrassen spricht nicht für eine rassebedingt bevorzugte Manifestation der Erkrankung im Euter [9-11, 24, 27, 30]. Auch die genetische Charakterisierung von MVV aus dem Eutergewebe infizierter Schafe ergab keinen Hinweis auf MVV-Varianten mit einem besonderen Tropismus für die Milchdrüse [39]. Dennoch ist bemerkenswert, dass in einer hochgradig durchseuchten Herde ( > 90 % seropositive Mutterschafe) bei keinem Tier Lungen-oder ZNS-Symptome auftraten und das MVV-Infektionsgeschehen sich nur als indurative Mastitis manifestierte.…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

Indurative Mastitis in einer Herde Dorperschafe als Folge einer Infektion mit dem Maedi-Visna-Virus

Liebler-Tenorio,

Moog,

Barth

et al. 2023

Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere

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ZusammenfassungDieser Fallbericht beschreibt indurative Mastitis in einer Schafherde als Folge einer Maedi-Visna-Virus (MVV)-Infektion. Mangelndes Aufeutern und kleine verhärtete Euter nach dem Ablammen sowie vermehrt Lämmerverluste wurden in einer Herde Dorperschafe beobachtet. Die Befunde an Euter und Milch waren nicht charakteristisch für eine chronische bakterielle Mastitis. Die ungenügende Eiweißversorgung der Mutterschafe kann zu einer verringerten Milchmenge, aber nicht zu den verhärteten Eutern geführt haben. Neunzehn der 21 Mutterschafe waren positiv für MVV-Antikörper. Euter und Euterlymphknoten eines Schafes mit verhärtetem Euter wurden anlässlich der Schlachtung entnommen. Bei der Fleischbeschau wurden keine weiteren Organveränderungen festgestellt. Die eine Euterhälfte zeigte eine gering- bis mittelgradige multifokale lymphohistiozytäre Mastitis, die andere eine hochgradige diffuse lymphohistiozytäre Mastitis mit Atrophie des Drüsengewebes, Vaskulopathie, Fibrose und Verkalkung. MVV-Antigen war immunhistologisch in Makrophagen, dendritischen Zellen, Epithelzellen und Endothelzellen der Milchdrüse sowie in Makrophagen und dendritischen Zellen der Euterlymphknoten zu finden. MVV-Provirusabschnitte konnten in den Euterlymphknoten und der stärker veränderten Euterhälfte in besonders hoher Menge mittels PCR nachgewiesen werden. Diese Fallbeschreibung soll daran erinnern, dass indurative Mastitis unabhängig von den besser bekannten Manifestationen der Maedi-Visna in Lunge und Gehirn als Folge einer systemischen MVV-Infektion auftreten kann. MVV sollte daher stets als Ursache für Mastitis beim Schaf differentialdiagnostisch berücksichtigt werden. Für den Nachweis einer MVV-Infektion wird zunächst der Antikörperstatus der betroffenen Tiere bzw. der gesamten Herde ermittelt. Im veränderten Eutergewebe treten charakteristische histologische Veränderungen auf. MVV-Antigen kann immunhistologisch dargestellt werden, weiterhin kann MVV-Provirus mittels PCR im veränderten Eutergewebe und den regionalen Lymphknoten nachgewiesen werden.

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Genetic Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses Detected in Spanish Assaf Sheep with Different Mammary Lesions

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Molecular Characterization of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses in Polish Mixed Flocks Supports Evidence of Cross Species Transmission, Dual Infection, a Recombination Event, and Reveals the Existence of New Subtypes within Group A

Molecular Characterization of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses in Polish Mixed Flocks Supports Evidence of Cross Species Transmission, Dual Infection, a Recombination Event, and Reveals the Existence of New Subtypes within Group A

Genetic Mutations in the LTR Region of SRLV Viruses in Capra ibex

Indurative Mastitis in einer Herde Dorperschafe als Folge einer Infektion mit dem Maedi-Visna-Virus

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