Genetic Characterization of Toggenburg Orbivirus, a New Bluetongue Virus, from Goats, Switzerland

Hofmann, Martin; Renzullo, Sandra; Mader, Markus; Chaignat, Valérie; Worwa, Gabriella; Thuer, Barbara

doi:10.3201/eid1412.080818

Cited by 274 publications

(232 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Twenty six serotypes of the virus have been identified (Howell, 1960;Howell et al, 1970;Maan et al, 2007;Hofmann et al, 2008;Maan et al, 2011) based either on serotype-specific neutralisation of the viral outer capsid protein VP2 (Huismans and Erasmus, 1981;Huismans et al, 1987;Mertens et al, 1989) or analysis of VP2 amino acid sequence data (Hoffman et al, 2008;Maan et al, 2007;Maan et al, 2011). Bluetongue virus is transmitted primarily through the bites of haematophagous midges (Culicoides spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transplacental infection in goats experimentally infected with a European strain of bluetongue virus serotype 8

Coetzee

Stokstad

Myrmel

et al. 2013

The Veterinary Journal

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The capability of the current European strain of bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) to cross the ruminant placenta has been established in experimental and field studies in both sheep and cattle. Sero-prevalence rates in goats in north-western Europe were high during the recent outbreak of BTV-8, however the capability of the virus to infect goats through the transplacental route has not been established. In the present study, four Saanen goats pregnant at 62 days of gestation were inoculated with the European strain of BTV-8, in order to investigate the capability of the virus to cross the caprine placenta. Infection of adult goats resulted in mild clinical signs, however gross lesions observed post mortem were more severe.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transplacental infection in goats experimentally infected with a European strain of bluetongue virus serotype 8

Coetzee

Stokstad

Myrmel

et al. 2013

The Veterinary Journal

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“…O vírus está presente principalmente em áreas tropicais e subtropicas, e sua distribuição esta relacionada ao vetor e a fatores climáticos que favoreçam sua multiplicação e manutenção (Maclachlan et al 2009). Em diversos países, já foram identificados 25 sorotipos do VLA (Holfmann et al 2008, Maclachlan et al 2009). Na América do Sul, informações sobre a predominância dos sorotipos são limitadas.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Alterações clínicas e patológicas em ovinos infectados naturalmente pelo vírus da língua azul no Rio Grande do Sul

et al. 2010

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Língua azul (LA) é uma doença causada pelo vírus da língua azul (VLA) e transmitida por vetores do gênero Culicoides. Estudos sorológicos têm demonstrado a ampla presença do vírus no Brasil; entretanto, informações clínicas da LA na América do Sul são limitadas. Esse trabalho descreve alterações clínico-patológicas em ovinos acometidos pela LA no Sul do Brasil. Em dois surtos, em propriedades distintas, 15 ovinos apresentaram como principais sinais clínicos hipertermia, apatia, aumento de volume da face e região submandibular, dificuldade de deglutição com regurgitação, secreção nasal mucopurulenta esverdeada, alterações respiratórias, além de acentuada perda de peso e erosões na mucosa oral. Os achados de necropsia em seis ovinos afetados incluíram edema subcutâneo na face e região ventral do tórax, secreção nasal esverdeada, esôfago dilatado preenchido por grande quantidade de conteúdo alimentar, pulmões não colabados com áreas consolidadas anteroventrais, bem como luz da traquéia e brônquios preenchida por espuma misturada com conteúdo alimentar. No coração e base da artéria pulmonar, havia focos de hemorragia. Histologicamente, as principais alterações observadas ocorriam no tecido muscular cardíaco e esquelético, especialmente no esôfago e consistiam de lesões bifásicas caracterizadas por degeneração/necrose hialina e flocular de miofibras associadas com micro-calcificação e infiltrado inflamatório mononuclear. Pneumonia aspirativa associada à presença de material vegetal e bactérias na luz de brônquios também foi observada. O diagnóstico de LA foi confirmado pela detecção do genoma viral por duplex RT-PCR em amostras de sangue de animais afetados, seguido da identificação do VLA, sorotipo 12 por sequenciamento.

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“…Finally, during surveillance for BTV in Switzerland by the national reference laboratory, a number of unusual infections were detected in goats. Subsequent investigation revealed the presence of a novel BT-like virus provisionally termed Toggenburg Orbivirus (TOV), genetically distinct from any other BTV, which results in subclinical low viraemia infections in goats (Hofmann et al 2008). Although official classification of TOV as a 25th BTV serotype or as a new virus will depend upon whether it can be demonstrated to be capable of reassortment with other BTV serotypes, a BTV-like orbivirus that could have been circulating silently in Europe for a relatively long period of time may offer insights into the ways in which newly arrived BTVs might adapt to the local environment, and requires further study.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bluetongue in Europe: past, present and future

Wilson

Mellor

2009

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

334

356

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The recent arrival in Northern and Western (NW) Europe of bluetongue virus (BTV), which causes the ruminant disease ‘bluetongue’, has raised the profile of this vector-borne ruminant disease and sparked discussions on the reasons for its sudden emergence so far north. This expansion has not happened in isolation and the disease has been expanding into Southern and Eastern Europe for the last decade. This shifting disease distribution is being facilitated by a number of different introduction mechanisms including the movement of infected livestock, the passive movement of infected Culicoides on the wind and, in NW Europe, an unknown route of introduction. The expansion of BTV in Europe has forced a re-evaluation of the importance of Palaearctic Culicoides species in transmission, as well as the importance of secondary transmission routes, such as transplacental transmission, in facilitating the persistence of the virus. The current European outbreak of BTV-8 is believed to have caused greater economic damage than any previous single-serotype outbreak. Although attempts are being made to improve the capacity of European countries to cope with future BTV incursions, the options available are limited by a lack of basic entomological data and limited virological surveillance.

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Genetic Characterization of Toggenburg Orbivirus, a New Bluetongue Virus, from Goats, Switzerland

Cited by 274 publications

References 22 publications

Transplacental infection in goats experimentally infected with a European strain of bluetongue virus serotype 8

Transplacental infection in goats experimentally infected with a European strain of bluetongue virus serotype 8

Alterações clínicas e patológicas em ovinos infectados naturalmente pelo vírus da língua azul no Rio Grande do Sul

Bluetongue in Europe: past, present and future

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