Genetic Counseling

Abstract

Clinical genetic counseling is provided through communication between the genetic counselor and the patient. Genetic counseling can support decision making about genetic testing, but genetic counseling may also occur in the absence of testing. For example, genetic counselors can provide psychotherapeutic support for patients who are at risk for, or who are living with, a genetic condition. While many genetic counselors practice genetic counseling clinically, others work in public health, education, research, and commercial settings, including commercial laboratories. Clinically practicing genetic counselors in the United States are masters trained and board certified by the American Board of Genetic Counseling. Evaluations of genetic counseling have been primarily outcome focused and fewer studies have examined communication processes and strategies within counseling sessions. Recent rapid advancements in genetic technologies have led to proposals and implementation of alternate service delivery models. Assessing general communication processes and outcomes, and those supported by these alternative delivery models and digital platforms, is necessary work to identify which of these models is appropriate, or at least as effective as usual care.