Genetic Distances in Two Gracilaria Species (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta) Identified by PCR Technique

Abstract

Genomic DNA was isolated from the Gracilaria vermiculophylla (GRV) and G. chorda (GRC) from Jangheung located in the southern sea of the Korean Peninsula, respectively and we performed clustering analyses, DNA polymorphisms and the genetic differences. The seven selected primers OPC-01, OPA-04, OPA-05, OPD-07, OPD-08, OPB-10, and OPD-16 generated average bandsharing (BS) value, the genetic distance and dendrogram. The size of DNA bands varies from 90 bp to 2,400 bp. The average BS value was 0.859±0.004 within GRV and 0.916±0.006 within GRC. The average BS value between two Gracilaria species was 0.340±0.003, ranged from 0.250 to 0.415. The dendrogram obtained by the seven primers, indicates two genetic clusters. The genetic distance between two Gracilaria species ranged from 0.059 to 0.513. The individual VERMICULOPHYLLA no. 07 of GRV was genetically closely related to VERMICULOPHYLLA no. 06 of GRV (genetic distance=0.059). Especially, two entities between the individual VERMICULOPHYLLA no. 10 of GRV and CHORDA no. 22 of GRC showed the longest genetic distance (0.513) in comparison with other individuals used. Accordingly, as mentioned above, PCR analysis showed that the GRV was a little more genetically diverse than the GRC species. We convinced that this DNA analysis revealed a significant genetic distance between two Gracilaria species pairs (p<0.01).

Genetic Distances for Intra- and Between-Group of Scapharca subcrenata from Yeosu of the Korea

“…Sixty-one bands varying from 200 bp to 1,900 bp were explicitly calculated in the ectoparasitic caligid (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) (Dixon et al, 2004). The amounts of the DNA FRs also fluctuated broadly, from 90 to 2,400 bp in Gracilaria vermiculophylla and G. chorda (Kim & Yoon, 2018). Yoon (2018) also reported that the greater FR sizes (>1,100 bp) are not detected in the razor shellfish (Solen corneus) bi-group.…”

“…The aptitude of ON-polymers augmented DNAs to determine unique markers for line, strain, species, genus, and group proof of identity in life entities (Koh et al, 1999;Esselman et al, 2000;Huang et al, 2000;Kim et al, 2000;Dixon et al, 2004;García et al, 2004;Araneda et al, 2005;Yamazaki et al, 2005;Yan et al, 2005;Gelin & Souty-Grosset, 2006;Godhe et al, 2006;Kim et al, 2006;Yoon & Kim, 2010;Kang & Yoon, 2013;Oh & Yoon, 2014;Kim & Yoon, 2018) has also been well approved. Great point of an important GD between two Scapharca subcrenata groups showed this research process is one of the most appropriate apparatuses for biotechnological DNA studies on entities and units of other life beings (Koh et al, 1999;Zhou et al, 2000;Kim & Choi, 2003;Dixon et al, 2004;Liu et al, 2004;Araneda et al, 2005;Godhe et al, 2006;Yoon, 2019;Yoon & Kim, 2010;Kang & Yoon, 2013;Yoon, 2020).…”

Genetic Variations within and between Blue Crab (Portunus trituberculatus) Groups

“…DNA FM scales varied from 50 bp to 1,600 bp. It has been reported that seven primers generated the scales of the DNA FMs also varied wildly, from 90 to 2,400 bp from the G. vermiculophylla (GRV) and G. chorda (GRC) ( Kim & Yoon, 2018 ). Group-related PCR FMs were identified in the Oujiang color carp ( Wang & Li, 2004 ) and the F 1 hybrids of masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou masou and amago salmon O. m. ishikawae ( Yamazaki et al, 2005 ).…”

“…The particular markers definite to breed, species, genus or geographical group have been engaged in the identification of parties, species and populations and genetic diagnostics ( Archak et al, 2003 ; Nagarajan et al, 2006 ; Yoon et al, 2006 ; Kim & Yoon, 2018 ; Yoon, 2019a ). So far, specific fragments (FMs) created by PCR by means of primers were deliberated to be a trustworthy method for discovering DNA relationship between organisms ( Eujayl et al, 1998 ; Almeida et al, 2003 ; Archak et al., 2003 ; Liu & Cordes, 2004 ; Wang & Li, 2004 ; Wasko et al, 2004 ; Bernardet et al, 2005 ; Yamazaki et al, 2005 ; Yue & Orban, 2005 ; Nagarajan et al, 2006 ; Yoon et al, 2006 ).…”

Genetic Differences in Natural and Cultured River Pufferfish Populations by PCR Analysis

“…Comprehensive genetic markers specific to breeds, species, genera, and/or geographical populations have been used to identify and distinguish individuals, populations, and hybrid pedigrees based on molecular genetic analysis ( Callejas & Ochando, 1998 ; Mamuris et al, 1999 ; Adams, 2000 ; Bartish et al, 2000 ; Kim et al, 2000 ; Klinbunga et al, 2000b ; McCormack et al, 2000 ; Nebauer et al, 2000 ; Nozaki et al, 2000 ; Chenyambuga et al., 2004 ; Kim et al, 2006 ; Yoon & Kim, 2010 ; Hur et al, 2012 ; Kim & Yoon, 2018 ). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques have been used in mariculture and aquaculture to determine the genetic distances (GDs) between teleost species and/or invertebrates as well as geographic distribution ( Tassanakajon et al, 1998 ; Huang et al, 2000 ; Klinbunga et al, 2000a ; Zhou et al, 2000 ; Yoon & Park, 2002 ; Kim et al, 2004 ; Park et al, 2005 ; Song & Yoon, 2013 ; Oh & Yoon, 2014 ; Yoon, 2019 ).…”