Genetic Diversity Analysis and Core Germplasm Collection Construction of Camellia oleifera Based on Fruit Phenotype and SSR Data

Abstract

Many Camellia oleifera germplasm resources were collected from Guizhou Province, but the fruit morphological variation and genetic diversity of C. oleifera germplasm resources remain unclear. The genetic diversity of C. oleifera germplasms resources in Guizhou was studied based on fruit traits and simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers to build a core collection. This paper aims to provide a scientific basis for the collection, management, development, and utilization of C. oleifera resources in Guizhou province. The variation coefficients among and within varieties of seven fruit phenotypic traits of C. oleifera ranged from 11.79% to 61.76% and from 8.15% to 42.31%, respectively, showing rich phenotypic variation. Furthermore, 12 SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity. These primers generated 214 polymorphic bands, and the average number was 17.833. The average number of effective alleles (Ne), Shannon’s information index (I), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), polymorphic information content (PIC), and major allele frequency (MAF) were 8.999, 2.301, 0.965, 0.50, 0.836, and 0.238, respectively. The results showed that 12 SSR markers had high polymorphism, and the genetic diversity of 167 C. oleifera germplasm resources was high. Based on SSR molecular marker information and fruit traits clustering, 167 C. oleifera germplasm resources were divided into three groups. When constructing core collections based on fruit traits and molecular marker information, the PowerCore-25 of core collections greatly preserves fruit traits and improves genetic diversity. This paper can provide a reference for the genetic diversity and fruit traits variation of C. camellia germplasm resources in Guizhou Province. It is significant for establishing a core collection, thus promoting germplasm innovation and the development of the oil tea industry in Guizhou.

Pollen and Floral Organ Morphology of 18 Oil-Tea Genotypes and Its Systematic Significance

“…11 and no. 12 were divided into group III (Figures 5 and 6), with similar results observed by Yan et al [47] and Zhu et al [48]. The results of our cluster analysis and PCA provided important taxonomic information, from a palynological and floral morphological perspective, on the phylogenetic relationships among these 18 oil-tea genotypes.…”

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis to Construct a Core Collection from Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Germplasm through SSR Markers

“…This is essential for conservation as well as the utilization of germplasm conserved in gene banks [62,63]. The development of molecular marker technology provides useful information for the analysis of genetic diversity, genetic relationship, population structure and core collection in the germplasm of many crop species [64][65][66].…”

Assessment of genetic diversity of Camellia yuhsienensis based on leaf structure and ISSR markers

“…He (He et al 2020) evaluated the genetic diversity of 150 different C. oleifera germplasm resources for the rst time using morphological and economic traits combined with SSR molecular markers and nally constructed a candidate core breeding group with higher economic traits and a core breeding group with higher morphological traits. Zhu (Zhu et al 2022) classi ed 167 C. oleifera germplasm resources into three taxa based on fruit traits and SSR molecular markers. In this study, 21 leaf structural traits were used to classify 13 different C. yuhsienensis germplasm resources into four major taxa by screening eight representative typical leaf traits based on the principle of contributing more than 85% through principal component analysis.…”