Genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus in cattle from Mexico

Gómez‐Romero, Ninnet; Basurto-Alcántara, Francisco Javier; Verdugo-Rodríguez, Antonio; Bauermann, Fernando V.; Ridpath, Julia F.

doi:10.1177/1040638717690187

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The detection results of 308 feces samples demonstrated the Taqman duplex qPCR established in this study has more simple and fast, higher sensitivity and specificity than the universal PCR. These results are consistent with a previous study [12].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

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Synchronous Detection of BPV and BVDV with Duplex Taqman qPCR Method

Gong

Shen

Liang

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Bovine parvovirus (BPV) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) are commonly etiologies causing diarrhea in dairy herds. BPV is a member of bocaparvovirus genus with a non-enveloped capsid. BVDV, belonging to Pestivirus genus in Flaviviridae, possesses a single-stranded RNA, and is classified into BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 genotypes according to the 5’UTR sequence. 21 genetic groups of BVDV-1 and four groups of BVDV-2 have been found. Diagnosis of viral diarrhea is often relied on virus detection by isolation or detection of serum antibody. The main objective of the present study was to establish a duplex real time PCR (qPCR) based on Taqman probe to detect synchronously BPV and BVDV. Materials, Methods & Results: TaqMan probe and primers were designed and synthesized from the sequences of conserved 5′ - untranslated regions (5′ UTR) of Haden strain of BPV and NADL strain of BVDV. The cDNAs were transcribed in vitro to make standard curves before optimizing the assay. DNA/PCR products were ligated into pMD18-T vector, and then used to transfer BL-21 competent cells to acquire the recombinant plasmids of pMD18-T-BPV and pMD18-T-BVDV. Optimum reaction conditions were comparatively selected. The sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility of TaqMan probe qRT-PCR were evaluated respectively. The results showed the concentrations of pMD18-T-BPV or pMD18-T-BVDV were 2.0 × 1010 DNA copies/μL, respectively. A duplex Taqman qPCR method was developed by optimizing the amplification conditions to simultaneously detect BPV and BVDV. The assay targets at highly conserved VP2 gene of BPV and 5′ UTR gene of BVDV. This qPCR assay was assessed for specificity and sensitivity using DNA of BPV and cDNA of BVDV. For clinical validation, 308 samples were tested from clinically diarrhea calves. The results showed that optimum annealing temperature was achieved in 43.2 ℃ fro duplex BPV and BPIV. Dynamic curves and standard curves were created following amplification of recombinant plasmids using the optimized duplex Taqman BPV and BVDV, with an amplification efficiency of 95.69%. Duplex Taqman qPCR could only detect DNA of BPV and cDNA of BVDV with a strong specificity. The detection limitation was as low as 2.0 × 102 copies/μL of pMD18-T-BPV plasmid and 2.0 × 101 copies/μL for pMD18-T-BVDV plasmid, respectively. Sensitivity of detection was 100-fold higher than conventional PCR. Duplex Taqman qPCR had excellent repeatability or stability with less than 1.2% of intra-assay and inter-assay. 35 and 47 positive feces samples were identified using duplex Taqman qPCR in comparison to 30 and 42 positives for universal PCR, respectively. Discussion: The bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a key pathogenic factor in bovine diarrhea. Currently, few effective measures are available for the treatment or prevention for BVDV and BPV infections in animals. The technique was proven to be repeatable and linear over a range of at least 5 magnitudes, from 101 to 105 RNA/DNA copies, thus ensuring an accurate measurement of BPV DNA and BVDV RNA loads in clinical samples. In conclusion, a duplex Taqman qPCR was established for detecting simultaneously BPV and BVDV. Taqman qPCR method was rapid and specific assay. This assay was 100-fold sensitive than conventional PCR. It will be propitious to rapidly and differentially diagnose pathogens of viral diarrhea of dairy farms. Taqman qPCR method was rapid and specific assay and had a sensitivity of 2.0 copies/μL.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…BVDV, belonging to Pestivirus genus in Flaviviridae, possesses a single-stranded RNA, and is classified into BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 genotypes according to the 5′ UTR sequence [10,12]. Up to date, at least 21 genetic groups of BVDV-1 and four groups of BVDV-2 have been found [1,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchronous Detection of BPV and BVDV with Duplex Taqman qPCR Method

Gong

Shen

Liang

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…Little information is available regarding the genetic diversity of BVDV in cattle populations from Mexico. A recent study examining viruses found in cattle from six Mexican states detected four subgenotypes: BVDV-1a, 1b, 1c, BVDV-2a, and no evidence of HoBi-like viruses were reported (19). In this study, BVDV-1c was the most frequently detected subgenotype followed by 1b, 1a, and 2a, representing a unique prevalence pattern of BVDV subgenotypes reported in North America.…”

Section: Bvdv Seroprevalence and Genetic Diversitysupporting

confidence: 42%

“…In addition, to date, HoBi-like viruses have only been detected in South America, Europe, and Asia but not in North America (16)(17)(18). Studies based on viruses found in Mexican cattle revealed the presence of at least four BVDV subgenotypes (BVDV 1a, 1b,1c, and BVDV 2a) with no evidence of HoBi-like viruses detected (19). Seroprevalence studies indicate an BVDV exposure since 1975 to date (20).…”

Section: Distribution Of Bvdv Subgenotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Cattle From Mexico: Current Status

et al. 2021

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Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is an infectious disease, globally-distributed, caused by bovine Pestiviruses, endemic of cattle and other ruminant populations. BVD leads to significant economic losses to the cattle industry due to the wide range of clinical manifestations, including respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases and reproductive disorders. Within the Pestivirus genus of the family Flaviviridae three viral species are associated with BVD; Pestivirus A (Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1, BVDV-1), Pestivirus B (Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2, BVDV-2), and Pestivirus H (HoBi-like pestivirus, atypical ruminant pestivirus). These species are subdivided into subgenotypes based on phylogenetic analysis. The extensive genetic diversity of BVDV has been reported for several countries, where the incidence and genetic variation are more developed in Europe than in the Americas. The first report of BVDV in Mexico was in 1975; this study revealed seropositivity of 75% in cows with a clinical history of infertility, abortions, and respiratory disease. Other studies have demonstrated the presence of antibodies against BVDV with a seroprevalence ranging from 7.4 to 100%. Recently, endemic BVDV strains affecting cattle populations started to be analyzed, providing evidence of the BVDV diversity in several states of the country, revealing that at least four subgenotypes (BVDV-1a, 1b, 1c, and 2a) are circulating in animal populations in Mexico. Little information regarding BVD epidemiological current status in Mexico is available. This review summarizes available information regarding the prevalence and genetic diversity viruses associated with BVD in cattle from Mexico.

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“…Additionally, the testing of FBS lots originated and packed in the US producing plants supported that the US remained free of HoBiPev (32). Similarly, extensive characterization of pestiviruses in Mexico failed to identify HoBiPev (33,34).…”

Section: Geographic Distribution Of Hobipevmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Pestivirus H in Brazil and Its Control Implications

Bauermann

Ridpath²

2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Along with viruses in the Pestivirus A (Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 1, BVDV1) and B species (Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 2, BVDV2), members of the Pestivirus H are mainly cattle pathogens. Viruses belonging to the Pestivirus H group are known as HoBi-like pestiviruses (HoBiPev). Genetic and antigenic characterization suggest that HoBiPev are the most divergent pestiviruses identified in cattle to date. The phylogenetic analysis of HoBiPev results in at least five subgroups (a–e). Under natural or experimental conditions, calves infected with HoBiPev strains typically display mild upper respiratory signs, including nasal discharge and cough. Although BVDV1 and BVDV2 are widely distributed and reported in many South American countries, reports of HoBiPev in South America are mostly restricted to Brazil. Despite the endemicity and high prevalence of HoBiPev in Brazil, only HoBiPev-a was identified to date in Brazil. Unquestionably, HoBiPev strains in BVDV vaccine formulations are required to help curb HoBiPev spread in endemic regions. The current situation in Brazil, where at this point only HoBiPev-a seems present, provides a more significant opportunity to control these viruses with the use of a vaccine with a single HoBiPev subtype. Despite the lack of differentiation among bovine pestiviruses by current BVDV tests, the reduced genetic variability of HoBiPev in Brazil may allow reliable identification of cases within the region. On the other hand, introducing foreign ruminants, biologicals, and genetic material to South America, especially if it originated from other HoBiPev-endemic countries, should consider the risk of introducing divergent HoBiPev subtypes.

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Genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus in cattle from Mexico

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Synchronous Detection of BPV and BVDV with Duplex Taqman qPCR Method

Synchronous Detection of BPV and BVDV with Duplex Taqman qPCR Method

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Cattle From Mexico: Current Status

Epidemiology of Pestivirus H in Brazil and Its Control Implications

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