Genetic Diversity within Alphaherpesviruses: Characterization of a Novel Variant of Herpes Simplex Virus 2

Burrel, Sonia; Désiré, Nathalie; Marlet, Julien; Dacheux, Laurent; Seang, Sophie; Caumes, Éric; Bourhy, Hervé; Agut, Henri; Boutolleau, David

doi:10.1128/jvi.01959-15

Cited by 19 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…We therefore infer that The high prevalence of HSV2 in central and eastern Africa (supplementary figure 1 and interactive maps at https://github.com/wadhamite/hsv-mapping) is consistent with the limited genetic data available from African HSV2 isolates. A study from Burrel and colleagues 21 showed that HSV2 can be divided into African and worldwide lineages on the basis of diversity in gene UL30. Furthemore, they found evidence of gene flow from HSV1 into HSV2, and speculate that the flow of HSV1 loci into the worldwide HSV2 lineage may have helped this lineage of HSV2 to further adapt to human hosts, and so spread more successfully around the world from around 41kya 22 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high prevalence of HSV2 in central and eastern Africa (Looker et al, 2015) ( Supplementary Fig.1 and interactive maps at https://wadhamite.github.io/hsv2-map) is consistent with the limited genetic data available from African HSV2 isolates. A study from Burrel and colleagues (Burrel, Desire, et al, 2015) showed that HSV2 can be divided into African…”

Section: Transmission Of Hsv2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and worldwide lineages on the basis of diversity in gene UL30. Furthermore, two groups found evidence of gene flow from HSV1 into HSV2, and speculated that the flow of HSV1 loci into the worldwide HSV2 lineage may have helped this lineage of HSV2 to further adapt to human hosts, and so spread more successfully around the world from around 41 KYA (Burrel, Desire, et al, 2015;Koelle et al, 2017). Recent studies have significantly increased the number of whole HSV2 genomes available for analysis, contributing to our knowledge of HSV2 diversity (Kolb et al, 2015;Szpara et al, 2014); but there is conflicting evidence on whether the most basal HSV-2 genotypes are from west and central (Burrel, Boutolleau, et al, 2017) or east (Koelle et al, 2017) Africa.…”

Section: /20mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Network analysis of the hominin origin of Herpes Simplex virus 2 from fossil data

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Kumar

Houldcroft

2017

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Herpes simplex virus 2 is a human herpesvirus found worldwide that causes genital lesions and more rarely causes encephalitis. This pathogen is most common in Africa, and particularly in central and east Africa, an area of particular significance for the evolution of modern humans. Unlike HSV1, HSV2 has not simply co-speciated with humans from their last common ancestor with primates. HSV2 jumped the species barrier between 1.4 and 3 MYA, most likely through intermediate but unknown hominin species. In this paper, we use probability-based network analysis to determine the most probable transmission route between intermediate hosts of HSV2, from the ancestors of chimpanzees to the ancestors of modern humans, using paleo-environmental data on the distribution of African tropical rainforest over the last 3 million years and data on the age and distribution of fossil species of hominin present in Africa between 1.4 and 3 MYA. Our model identifies Paranthropus boisei as the most likely intermediate host of HSV2, while Homo habilis may also have played a role in the initial transmission of HSV2 from the ancestors of chimpanzees to P. boisei.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transmission Of Hsv2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: /20mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Network analysis of the hominin origin of Herpes Simplex virus 2 from fossil data

Underdown

Kumar

Houldcroft

2017

Preprint

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“…HSV-2v isolates were identified from this collection using a dedicated quantitative PCR system targeting the UL30 gene (Burrel et al 2015). The presence of the recombinant region within UL30 was further confirmed from tissue samples by Sanger sequencing of PCR products covering the complete coding sequence (Burrel et al 2015).…”

Section: Sampling and Isolate Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most HSV-2 open reading frames (ORF) exhibit little (if any) variability. Yet we recently discovered a HSV-2 variant (HSV-2v) characterized by unusually divergent UL30 gene sequences (maximum divergence of 2.4%; Burrel et al 2013Burrel et al , 2015. Although HSV-2 genomic diversity is only weakly, if at all, geographically structured (Kolb et al 2015;Newman et al 2015), this new variant was also exceptional in that it was mainly recovered from subSaharan African individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient recombination events between human herpes simplex viruses

Burrel

Boutolleau

Ryu

et al. 2016

Preprint

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Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) are seen as close relatives but also unambiguously considered as evolutionary independent units. Here, we sequenced the genomes of 18 HSV-2 isolates characterized by divergent UL30 gene sequences to further elucidate the evolutionary history of this virus. Surprisingly, genome-wide recombination analyses showed that all HSV-2 genomes sequenced to date contain HSV-1 fragments. Using phylogenomic analyses, we could also show that two main HSV-2 lineages exist. One lineage is mostly restricted to subSaharan Africa whereas the other has reached a global distribution. Interestingly, only the worldwide lineage is characterized by ancient recombination events with HSV-1. Our findings highlight the complexity of HSV-2 evolution, a virus of putative zoonotic origin which later recombined with its human-adapted relative. They also suggest that coinfections with HSV-1 and 2 may have genomic and potentially functional consequences and should therefore be monitored more closely.

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Evolutionary studies of herpes simplex viruses (HSV) genomes provide evidences of HSV-2/HSV-1 interspecies recombination

Burrel

Boutolleau

Ryu

et al. 2016

Journal of Clinical Virology

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Genetic Diversity within Alphaherpesviruses: Characterization of a Novel Variant of Herpes Simplex Virus 2

Cited by 19 publications

References 33 publications

Network analysis of the hominin origin of Herpes Simplex virus 2 from fossil data

Network analysis of the hominin origin of Herpes Simplex virus 2 from fossil data

Ancient recombination events between human herpes simplex viruses

Evolutionary studies of herpes simplex viruses (HSV) genomes provide evidences of HSV-2/HSV-1 interspecies recombination

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